Nga Whakapiri Raima Maamaa | Nga Kaipupuhi Hukarere Mahinga Nui mo te Raima Pukoro
Kei te utu nui koe mo te PCE Superplasticizers mo SCC
Ko te kaihoko superplasticizer pai rawa atu mo te SCC raima-whaiaro he ihirangi totoka teitei, roa-taha-mekameka Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE). Wā. Ehara i te rite nga PCE katoa, a ko te he ka pau te wa me te moni. Ko te Naphthalene sulfonate me te melamine sulfonate kua tawhitotia mo te nuinga o te SCC hanganga.. Ehara tenei i te whakaaro-koinei te mutunga o nga raraunga ahumahi mai i te mutunga 3,000 EFNARC-ture nga ranunga whakamatautau i whakahaerehia i waenga 2015 a 2024. Mēnā kei te whakapūtā tonu koe i tētahi superplasticizer e hāngai ana ki te naphthalene mo te ringihia o te rebar, Ko to whakamatautau rerenga heke ka tino pouri.
Ko te tino wehewehe tikanga marara. Naphthalene sulfonates (SNF) te mahi ma te whakakore hiko. Ka panaia nga matūriki kia wehe. He ngoikore tenei. I roto i te SCC, e hiahia ana koe te aukatinga. Ko nga mekameka taha polymer roa ka aukati i te pupuhi. Ka whakaratohia e nga superplasticizers PCE tenei. Ko te hua? Reiti whakaheke wai i runga ake nei 30% i te wa e mau tonu ana te rere whakaheke o 650 mm ki 800 mm. E kaha ana a SNF ki te eke 25% te whakaheke i te wai me te kore e tere te heke.
1. Te Tikanga Tino: He aha i torere ai to Rere Puke
Ko te nuinga o nga miihini e whakahee ana i te teitei o te pāmahana ambient mo te hekenga. Kei te he ratou. Ko te hara tuatahi te hotokoretanga i waenga i te kaihoko superplasticizer mo te SCC raima-whaiaro me te ihirangi C3A o te ciment. Mēnā he nui te tricalcium aluminate tō sima (C3A) taumata, runga 8%, ka pau nga ngota ngota PCE paerewa. Ka uru ki roto i nga tioata ettringite. Ka mutu te mahi a te superplasticizer i roto 30 meneti.
Ko te whakatika ko te kore e taapiri atu i te wai. Ko te whakatika ko te superplasticizer ki te kōtaha adsorption pōturi. Kōwhiria he PCE kua whakarerekētia me te hanganga polymer hono-whakawhiti. Ko enei hua ka tere ake te whakauru, te pupuri i te rerenga mo 90 meneti me te kore e whakaroa i te huinga tuatahi. Whakamatautauria. Whakamahia te tikanga Marsh cone. Ine i te wa rere ki 0, 30, a 60 meneti i muri i te whakaranu. Mena ka rererua te wa rere 30 meneti, huri i to matū superplasticizer, ehara i to ihirangi wai.
1.1. Te horopeta vs. He iti te horopeta: Te Rore Viscosity
He utu nui, he kino hoki te tango i tetahi kaihoko superplasticizer mo te SCC raima-whaiaro. Tāpiri 0.2% nui rawa i te taimaha o te sima, a ka whiwhi koe wehewehenga. Ka totohu te huinga huinga. Ka manu te whakapiri. I rahua to whakamatautau pouaka-L. Ko te raima kua kore e hangai ki a ia ano. Te horopeta iti, ka huri ke, ka hoatu ki a koe he ranunga korekore e hiahia ana kia wiri. Ka patua e raua te ariā SCC.
Anei te ture horopeta mo te C30/C37 SCC paerewa me te rerenga whakahekenga o te 680 mm: timata i 0.8% ihirangi totoka o te superplasticizer i te taimaha o te sima. Te pikinga ake o 0.1%. Ine i te wa T500. Mena kei raro a T500 2 hēkona, kua tata koe ki te wehewehe. Mena kua mutu te T500 6 hēkona, he tino pokaka te ranunga. Ko te waahi tino pai mo te nuinga o nga tono hanganga ko te T500 i waenga 3 a 5 hēkona, me te wa rerenga-V i waenga 7 a 11 hēkona. Ehara enei nama i te whakaaro; he rohe hanganga ture EFNARC.
2. Whakataurite Taha-Taha: PCE vs. SNF vs. SMF mo SCC
Kati te whakamahi i nga pukapuka whakaurunga whanui. Anei nga raraunga mahi mai i 240 nga whakamatautau taiwhanga whakahaere mo ia momo superplasticizer. Ko te ripanga i raro nei e whakarāpopoto ana i ngā hua toharite mō te ranunga SCC paerewa me te ōwehenga w/c o 0.38 a 400 kg/m³ o te sima.
| Taonga | Polycarboxylate Etere (PCE) | Naphthalene Sulfonate (SNF) | Melamine Sulfonate (SMF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whakaheke Wai (%) | 30-35% | 15-25% | 15-20% |
| Pupuri Rere Paheke (min ki 600 mm) | 60-90 min | 20-40 min | 30-50 min |
| Wā Rere Kore-V (hēkona) | 7-9 | 12-18 | 10-15 |
| L-pouaka Ratio (h2/h1) | 0.90-1.00 | 0.75-0.85 | 0.80-0.90 |
| Morearea o te Wehewehenga (tairongo nui) | Iti (kātakí ±0.1%) | Teitei (kātakí ±0.05%) | Waenga |
| Utu mo ia m³ (whanaunga) | 1.0x (turanga) | 0.6x | 0.7x |
Ko te tepu e whakapumau ana i te pono whakaraerae: He nui ake te utu mo te PCE mo ia m³, engari e whakarato ana i te rua o te pupuri mahi. Mo nga mahi e hiahia ana kia roa ake te tuunga 30 meneti, Ka rahua te SNF. Ka ngaro koe i te ranunga, ka taapirihia ranei nga kaitaraiwa, ka piki ake te utu. Mahihia te pangarau.
3. Hototahi ki te Viscosity-Modifying Agents (VMA) me te Sima
Kaua e whakahanumihia to kaihoko kaiparapara mo te SCC raima-whaiaro ki te VMA mena kaore koe i whakahaere i te whakamatautau hototahi whakapiri i te tuatahi. Ko etahi PCE superplasticizers me VMA (te tikanga i runga i nga polysaccharides taumaha ngota teitei) whakataetae mo nga waahi whakauru ki nga matūriki ciment. Ko te hua ko te piki pokey tino nui ranei, kino atu, te wehenga nui mena he anionic te VMA.
Te tukanga whakamatautau: uruhia he whakapiri ciment ki te superplasticizer i te inenga kua whakaritea. Inehia te rerenga paku-pahekeheke. Na ka taapirihia te VMA. Mena ka heke te rere i te nui atu i te 20%, huri ki te VMA kore-katote, huri ranei i te superplasticizer. Mo te ihirangi whaina iti (i raro 450 kg/m³), whakamahi i te PCE e whakauru ana i te whakamarumaru hau i roto, ka mau ranei te VMA i te hau, te whakanui ake i te hua.
3.1. Momo Sima He mea nui ake i to whakaaro
CEM I 42.5 R (Sima Portland) he pai te mahi me te PCE paerewa. CEM II/B-V (rere sima pungarehu) e hiahia ana he PCE he nui ake te kiato utu na te mea ka whakahekehia e te pungarehu rere te tere o te whakamakuku moata. CEM III (sima para) me PCE me te mekameka taha roa kia mau tonu te rere. Mena ka wareware koe ki tenei, ka hinga koe i te whakamatautau J-ringi. Me ine te J-mowhiti i te teitei o te hikoi iti iho i te 10 mm. Mena ka nui ake 15 mm, he hotokore te superplasticizer ki to sima, he he ranei te inenga VMA. Hurihia tetahi taurangi i ia wa.
4. Nga Painga Raima Whakapakeke: Ko te kaha me te mauroa e kore e kiia
Ko te kaihoko superplasticizer mo te SCC raima-whaiaro e kore e hoatu aunoa ki a koe te kaha ake. Ka taea e ia te iti o te w/c ōwehenga. Ko taua owehenga iti ka hoatu te kaha ki a koe. Me tino marara nga matūriki ciment kia tika ai te whakamakuku. Ki te overdoses te superplasticizer, karekau etahi matūriki e whakamakuku na te mea he tino poiketa te wai. Ka whiwhi koe i te moroiti-ngatata na te whakaheke aunoa.
Raraunga mai i te rangahau 56-ra i runga 500 Ko nga tauira SCC i whakaatu he pai te inenga PCE (0.8% ki 1.2% i te taimaha o te sima) puta tonu he 28-ra te kaha kōpeketanga o 45 MPa ki 55 MPa mai i a 0.38 w/c ranunga. Whakaranu iti (0.4% PCE) tauwaenga 30 MPa. Whakaranu nui rawa (1.8% PCE) tauwaenga 38 MPa, me nga hongere toto e kitea ana. Ko te nui ake kaore i te pai ake. Ko te whakapai ake i te mauroa-i inehia e te tere o te hauhautanga pūhaumāota-ka puta anahe ka mau te punaha hau kore.. Mena ka mau te hau i te superplasticizer, ka rua te uruhanga. Whakamahia he maatete hau ki te hiahiatia. Ko te tohu ASTM C494 Momo F to turanga. Whakanuia.
5. Te Utu-Painga o Superplasticizers i SCC: Kati te titiro ki te Utu Utu
He tata te utu mo te kaihoko superplasticizer mo te SCC raima-whaiaro $3 ki $8 ia m³. He ahua utu nui tenei. Whakatauritea ki te utu mahi mo te wiri. Ka taea e te roopu tokotoru te whakanoho 10 m³ o te raima tikanga i roto 8 haora. Ka taea e te roopu kotahi te whakanoho 25 m³ o te SCC kei roto 5 haora. Whakaorangia koe 11 haora mahi. I $30 ia haora, ara $330 kua ora. Ko te taapiri $80 i pau i runga i te superplasticizer ka whai hua nui $250 ia mo. He putea te whakatau, ehara i te hangarau.
Mo nga waahanga o mua, ko nga penapena ka ahu mai i te iti o te kakahu maaka. Kore he wiri te tikanga he iti ake te kino o nga miihini rino utu nui. Mo te hanga teitei, ko nga penapena ka ahu mai i te putunga. Ko te SCC me te superplasticizer pai e pupuhi ana i nga tawhiti poutū teitei kaore he paraka. Kotahi te utu taraka papua $1,200 ia haora. Ko te superplasticizer pai ka aukati i tera. Kati te kowiri pene i runga i te tahua whakauru. Ko te utu mo te puranga kino he nui ake i te utu mo te PCE pono.
6. Nga Whakamatau Mana Kounga: Ko te Whakatakotoranga EFNARC Kore-Whakawhitiwhiti
Kaua e tukuna te SCC me te kore e paahitia enei whakamatautau e wha i runga i te waahi. Tuatahi, Whakamātautau Rere Paheke (IN 12350-8): whainga 650 mm ki 800 mm. Inehia te diameter whakamutunga me te wa T500. Tuarua, Whakamātautau V-funnel (IN 12350-9): te wa rerenga whainga 6 ki 12 hēkona. Ka mutu 12 hekona te tikanga o te pokey teitei. I raro 6 hekona te tikanga morearea wehewehe. Tuatoru, Whakamātautau pouaka-L (IN 12350-10): ōwehenga ārai ūnga (h2/h1) o 0.80 ki 1.0. Kei raro 0.8 te tikanga ko nga paraka whakauru i roto i te whakakaha kua paheke. Tuawha, Whakamātautau J-ring (IN 12350-12): taumata taumata taumata iti iho i te 10 mm. Neke atu i te 10 Ko te mm e tohu ana i te kaha o te haere.
Mahia enei whakamatautau i 0 meneti ka hoki ano i 60 meneti i muri i te whakaranu. Mena ka piki ake te T500 i te 2 hekona i roto i te haora kotahi, kei te ngaro te kaha o te superplasticizer. Whakaritea te inenga me te whakawhiti hua tonu. Kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te pepa korero a te kaihanga. Whakawhirinaki i to raraunga pae.
7. Rokiroki me te Ora Papa: Ko to PCE kua pau he korero rūpahu
Polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers he roa te ora o 6 ki 12 marama i raro i te rokiroki tika (5°C ki te 30°C). Whakaorangia ratou ki te huringa whakatio-rewa kotahi, ka pakaru te mekameka polymer. Ko te rauemi ka waiho hei kiri matotoru e kore e marara. Kaua e whakamahia. Ko te Naphthalene sulfonates he pai ake, mau tonu ki 24 marama, engari ka parataiao i te wa. Me whakakorikori i nga taika i mua i te pamu. Ko te whakaaro kino rawa atu i roto i te hanga SCC ko te taapiri i te superplasticizer mai i te tank kaore ano kia oho mo nga marama e toru.. Ka whiwhi koe i a 0.2% inenga ina whakaaro koe kei te taapiri koe 1.0%.
He mea nui te tika o te inenga. Whakamahia he mita rere me te ±2% te arotau. A 5% hapa i roto i te tāpiritanga superplasticizer i roto i a 6 m³ taraka whakaranu tikanga 300 karamu taapiri kei te ngaro ranei. He nui tena ki te huri i te rerenga whakaheke 50 mm. Whakahaerehia nga whakaurunga, ma nga putanga ranei koe e whakahaere.
8. Take Tono-Ao Tuturu: A 12-Story Pour with Congested Rebar
I whakamahia e tetahi kaikirimana i Dubai he ranunga C50 SCC mo te pakitara kutikuti 25 mm rebar mokowhiti ki 100 mm pokapū. Ko te superplasticizer i whakamahia he PCE teitei me te a 38% ihirangi totoka dosed i 1.1% i te taimaha o OPC. Ko te ranunga i 420 kg/m³ o te sima, 850 kg/m³ o te whakahiato pai, me te w/c ōwehenga o 0.34. Ko te rere whakaheke 720 mm kei 0 meneti, T500 ko 4.2 hēkona. Ko te ōwehenga L-pouaka 0.87. Ka mau te ringihanga 2.5 haora mo 80 m³. Ko te teitei o te taahiraa J-mowhiti 8 mm. Karekau he wiri i whakamahia. Ko te kaha 28-ra te toharite 58 MPa. I korero te kaikirimana a 45% te whakaiti i te mahi tuunga. Ko te utu superplasticizer kua taapiri $6 ia m³, engari ko nga moni penapena mahi $18 ia m³. Ko te whiwhinga kupenga $12 ia m³. Koia te keehi pakihi mo te whakamahi i tetahi kaihoko superplasticizer utu mo te SCC raima-whaiaro.
Anei te tango mahi: whakamatautau tahi koutou rauemi. Kaua e whakaaro he hototahi. Hokona PCE i runga i te roa o te mekameka taha me te kiato utu, ehara i te utu mo te rita. A i nga wa katoa, ine tonu T500. He maha ake nga korero a taua nama kotahi ki a koe mo to SCC i era atu whakamatautau rawa hou.
Kaiwhakarato
Ko te ConcreteAndMore he kaiwhakarato pono o te ao mo nga whakauru raima me nga matū hanga.. Me nga tau o te tohungatanga ahumahi, He tohunga taatau ki te whakarato otinga auaha tae atu ki nga superplasticizers polycarboxylate, muka raima, nga mea whakapouri, nga mea pupuhi, me nga hua whakamaarama waiariki aerogel matatau. Mena kei te pirangi koe ki te whakauru raima, tēnā koa whakapā mai ki a mātou!