Izithasiselo zikakhonkolo ezingasindi | Ama-ejenti Akhipha Amagwebu Asebenza Kakhulu Wokhonkolo Weselula
A isinciphisi samanzi sikasimende iyingxube yamakhemikhali eyehlisa inani lamanzi asetshenziswa kukhonkolo. Lokhu kuncipha kwamanzi kuvumela ukhonkolo ukuthi uthele amanzi ngenani eliphansi, ukuyinika amandla angcono nokuqina.
Izinciphisi zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi izinciphisi zamanzi ezivamile noma ama-plasticizers avamile, ngokuvamile ehlisa inani lamanzi ekuxubeni 5 ku 10%. Lezi zinciphisi zamanzi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kokhonkolo kwansuku zonke njenge-driveways, imigwaqo yaseceleni, nezindonga zangaphansi.
Izinciphisi zamanzi ezimaphakathi nebanga, ebizwa nangokuthi ama-plasticizers noma ama-plasticizer aphakathi, ngokuvamile wehlisa inani likakhonkolo okudingeka lixutshwe ngalo 15 ku 20%. Lezi zixube zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukhonkolo ukwenza i-flatwork, njengama-driveways nama-sidewalks, ngoba anciphisa amanzi adingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe indawo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Izinciphisi zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-superplasticizers noma izingxube ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ziyizinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezincibilikayo emanzini ezehlisa inani lamanzi kukhonkolo 25 ku 30%. Lokhu kubangela uketshezi oluningi lukakhonkolo, ukuyivumela ukuthi igeleze kangcono futhi inikeze ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokubekwa.
Lezi zixube ngokuvamile zengezwa kungxube kakhonkolo ngesilinganiso esiphansi somthamo, nakuba ezinye izixube zobubanzi obuphezulu zidinga umthamo ophezulu ukuze usebenze kahle.
Iningi lalawa ma-admixtures alinawo umthelela ku-hydration kasimende, kodwa abanye – njengama-polycarboxylates – kungandisa ukungena komoya. Lokhu kuzohluka ngokuya ngekhemikhali ye-admixture kanye nesilinganiso somthamo wayo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yohlelo lokusebenza.