Abubuwan Kariyar Kankare Masu Sauƙi | Mahimman Ayyuka Masu Kumfa don Kankalin Salon salula
The 40% Paradox Rage Ruwa
Yawancin injiniyoyi suna tunanin a 20% yankewar ruwa yana ma'anar haɗuwa mai girma. Ba daidai ba. An tsara yadda ya kamata ruwa mai tsayi ragewa superplasticizer don kankare akai-akai cimma 30% ku 40% raguwar ruwa yayin da yake riƙe da raguwar inch 9. Abin mamaki na gaske? Bayanan filin sun nuna haka 70% na ƙayyadaddun bayanai har yanzu a karkashin-kashi wadannan admixtures ta 15%, barin 25% na yuwuwar samun ƙarfi akan tebur. Wannan ba ƙaramin ingantawa bane. Gefen aminci ne na tsari.
Tsarin ba sihiri bane. Yana da surface sunadarai. Barbashin siminti a zahiri suna yawo lokacin da aka ƙara ruwa, tarko ruwa a cikin gungun. Ruwa mai tsayi ragewa superplasticizer don kankare ayyuka ta hanyar electrostatic repulsion (naphthalene sulfonates) ko tsangwama (polycarboxylate ethers) don tilasta waɗancan barbashi. 'Yantar da ruwan da aka kama, kuma kuna 'yantar da wasan kwaikwayon.
Tsarin Aiki: Watsewa, Ba Dilution
Babban mai rage ruwa mai tsayi baya bakin ciki da manna. Yana tarwatsa daskararrun. The polymer sarƙoƙi suna ɗaukar hatsin siminti, haifar da mummunan tasirin zeta. Barbashi suna tunkude juna. Haɗin ya zama ruwa ba tare da ƙara ruwa ba. Wannan shine ainihin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi.
Jinkirin ƙari yana da mahimmanci. Ƙara da superplasticizer 30 ku 60 seconds bayan farkon cakuda ruwa. Matsayin C3A a cikin siminti ya riga ya cinye wani yanki na admixture. Ƙididdigar ƙarshen ta wuce wannan amfani. Sakamakon: a 15% ku 20% raguwa a cikin sashi don slump iri ɗaya. Wannan dabara ce, ba zato ba.
Kwatancen Ayyuka: PCE vs. Naphthalene vs. Melamine
Ba duk babban kewayon ruwa da ke rage superplasticizers ke nuna hali iri ɗaya ba. Zaɓin ya dogara da maƙasudin rabo na ruwa-ciminti, zafin jiki, da siminti. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita m ciniki-offs.
| Nau'in | Rage Ruwa | Riƙewar Kuɗi | Hankalin zafin jiki | Fihirisar Farashin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) | 30% – 40% | 90 – 120 mintuna | Babban (ya rasa inganci sama da 35°C) | 1.5 – 2.0x |
| Naphthalene sulfonate (SNF) | 18% – 25% | 45 – 60 mintuna | Matsakaici (barga har zuwa 40 ° C) | 1.0x (tushe) |
| Melamine sulfonate (SMF) | 20% – 25% | 30 – 45 mintuna | Ƙananan | 1.3 – 1.6x |
PCE ta mamaye siminti mai haɗa kai (SCC) da siminti mai inganci (HPC) saboda mafi girman tarwatsawa da riƙonsa. Naphthalene ya kasance dokin aiki don aikace-aikacen yadi da aka riga aka rigaya inda ƙarfin farko ya sami ƙarancin farashi. SMF an kawar da shi sosai amma har yanzu ana amfani dashi inda ake buƙatar ƙarancin raguwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
Dosage Logic: Ka'idar Saturation Point
Kowane babban kewayon ruwa yana rage superplasticizer yana da adadin saturation. Ƙara ƙarin abin da ya wuce wancan batu, kuma ba ku sami ƙarin raguwar ruwa ba. Kuna samun rarrabuwa kawai da jinkirin lokacin zagayowar.
Daidaitaccen sashi: 0.5% ku 2.5% da nauyin siminti. Saturation yana faruwa a kusan 1.8% don yawancin PCEs da 2.5% ga naphthalenes. Gwada takamaiman simintin ku. A 10% canji a cikin abun ciki na C3A yana canza ma'anar jikewa ta hanyar 0.3% sashi.
- A ƙasa jikewa: Mixin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba ya rasa raguwa a ciki 20 mintuna.
- A jikewa: matsakaicin raguwar ruwa tare da tsayayyen aiki.
- Sama da jikewa: zub da jini, wariya, da wuce gona da iri.
Rikicin Daidaituwa Ba za ku iya yin watsi da su ba
Matsakaicin masu rage ruwa suna hulɗa tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ma'aikatan da ke haɓaka iska (EEAs) gasa don shafukan talla. Idan kuna amfani da PCE tare da AEA, ƙara AEA farko. PCE na iya wargaza kurajen iska, rage daskarewa-narke kariya ta 0.5% ku 1.0% abun ciki na iska.
Masu sake dawowa da masu hanzari suna buƙatar tsari mai kyau. Wani superplasticizer na tushen naphthalene haɗe tare da mai haɓaka nitrate na calcium na iya haifar da taurin kai tsaye.. Tsarin: calcium ions gada tsakanin kungiyoyin sulfonate. Sakamakon: saitin karya a ciki 5 mintuna.
Saita Lokaci da Ƙarfin Farko: Bayanan Gaskiya
Masu rage ruwa tsaka-tsaki (Nau'in A) rage ruwa ta 5% ku 12% kuma yawanci hanzarta saitin ta 30 ku 60 mintuna. Babban kewayon ruwa yana rage superplasticizers (Nau'in F) yi akasin haka. Na a 30% rage ruwa, tsammanin jinkirin saitin farko na 45 ku 90 minti 20 ° C.
Me yasa? Ƙananan abun ciki na ruwa yana rage yawan ruwan da ake samu don samar da siminti a cikin sa'a ta farko. Jinkirin ba aibi ba ne. Kimiyyar lissafi ce. Idan kuna buƙatar cirewa da wuri, yi amfani da PCE tare da kashin baya mara ja da baya ko ƙara abin totur mara chloride. Kada ka dogara ga zato.
Aikace-aikace Inda HRWR Ba Ne Tattaunawa ba
Hanyoyi guda uku suna tilasta amfani da babban kewayon ruwa yana rage superplasticizer don kankare:
- Kankare Mai Haɗin Kai (SCC): Yana buƙatar ɓacin rai na 600 ku 750 mm. Ba tare da PCE ba, ba za ku iya cimma hakan ba tare da rabon siminti na ruwa a sama ba 0.50, wanda ke lalata ƙarfi da karko.
- Sassan Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa: Rebar tazarar kasa da 30 mm. Dole ne mahaɗin ya gudana ta cikin matsatsun ramuka ba tare da girgiza ba. A 200 mm slump wajibi ne. HRWR kawai ke isar da hakan.
- Abubuwan da aka ƙaddara: Maƙasudin rabon siminti na ruwa a ƙasa 0.35 don babban ƙarfi da wuri. Abubuwan superplasticizers na tushen PCE suna rage ruwa yayin da suke da isasshen aiki don cika ƙura.
Hadarin Rabewa: Hukunce-hukuncen Karɓar Ruwa
Yawan wuce gona da iri mai rage ruwa ta 0.3% a sama jikewa yana juya haɗaɗɗen haɗin kai zuwa haɗarin rabuwa. M jimlar nutsewa. Manna yana tashi. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙasa ta zama mai rauni kuma mai lalacewa.
Alamomin wuce gona da iri: zobe na ruwa mai tsabta a kusa da mazugi na slump, jimlar bayyane a kasan samfurin, kuma a 25% hasara a cikin ƙarfin matsawa a 28 kwanaki. Maganin ba shine kara rage ruwa ba. Maganin shine don rage adadin superplasticizer da haɓaka abun ciki tara ta 5% ku 10%.
Ƙa'idar Gwaji don Kayan Gida
Guda gwajin mazugi Marsh. Haɗa man siminti tare da abin da ake buƙata na superplasticizer a 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% sashi. Auna lokacin zubar ruwa. Matsakaicin da ke ba da mafi ƙarancin lokacin zubar ruwa shine madaidaicin ma'aunin ku. Ƙara 10% zuwa waccan ƙimar don gefen amincin filin.
Gudun gwaji na kankare tare da ainihin jimlar. Fasasshen farar ƙasa tare da tara tara yana sha PCE. Dutsen kogin tare da ƙananan tara ba ya. Daidaita sashi daidai.
Ka'idojin Biyayya: Nau'in F vs. Nau'in G
ASTM C494 Nau'in F shine daidaitaccen rarrabuwa don rage yawan ruwa mai yawa. Nau'in G yana rufe babban kewayon masu rage ruwa tare da kaddarorin ja da baya. Kada ku dame su. Nau'in G yana ƙara jinkirin saiti ta wani 60 ku 120 mintuna.
Idan ƙayyadaddun ku na buƙatar ƙarfin matsi na kwanaki 28 na 40 MPa tare da rabon siminti na ruwa 0.40, Nau'in F shine zabi daidai. Nau'in G shine don yanayin zafi lokacin da jinkirin yana da fa'ida.
Silica Fume Interaction: Shari'a ta Musamman
Lokacin da babban kewayon ruwa rage superplasticizer da ake amfani da silica fume kankare, sa ran a 50% karuwa a cikin buƙatun sashi. Silica fume barbashi suna da wani wuri mai tsayi sosai (15,000 ku 25,000 m²/kg). Suna adsorb da polymer nan take.
Yi amfani da PCE na musamman da aka ƙera don gaurayawan hayaƙin siliki. Daidaitaccen tsarin naphthalene zai rasa raguwa a ciki 10 mintuna. Kada ku yi tsammani. Gwaji.
Zazzabi da Kwangilar Asarar Kuɗi
Kowane girman 5°C a cikin zafin jiki yana ninka yawan asarar faɗuwa. A 30 ° C, mai babban kewayon ruwa mai naphthalene ya yi hasarar 50% na farkon faduwar sa 30 mintuna. A 40 ° C, Haɗin guda ɗaya ya rasa slump a ciki 15 mintuna.
Dabarun ragewa: amfani da retarder, yi amfani da PCE tare da babban riƙewa, ko rage kankare zafin jiki tare da kankara. Faɗin zafin jiki na 5°C yana siyan ku 30 karin mintuna na raguwar aiki.
Me Yasa Jinkirin Ƙara Ayyuka
Tsarin C3A yana cinye superplasticizer. Lokacin da kuka ƙara ƙarawa a makara, C3A ya riga ya amsa tare da gypsum. Shafukan da ba su da amsa sun ragu. Ƙarin polymer yana tsayawa a cikin maganin pore don tarwatsa barbashi na siminti.
Bayanan filin: jinkirin ƙari yana rage adadin da ake buƙata ta 20% ga m slump na 8 inci. Wannan shine tanadin farashi kai tsaye da rage haɗarin jinkiri.
Samun Karfi: Karancin Tasirin Rabo W/C
Rage rabon ruwa-ciminti daga 0.50 ku 0.35 yana ƙara ƙarfin matsawa na kwanaki 28 da kusan 60%. Wannan ba ka'ida bane. Wannan ita ce dokar Abram.
Amma dangantakar ba ta layi ba ce a ƙasa 0.30. A mafi ƙarancin w/c rabo, rashin ruwa yana iyakance cikakken ruwa. Barbashin siminti mara ruwa yana aiki azaman filler. Har yanzu ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa, amma yawan karuwar yana raguwa. Manufar aiki: w/c rabo na 0.32 ku 0.38 don yawancin aikace-aikacen HPC.
Kammalawa: Gwaji, Kashi, da Tabbatarwa
Babban kewayon ruwa yana rage superplasticizer don kankare shine kayan aiki mafi inganci guda ɗaya don cimma babban ƙarfi, high karko, da high workability a cikin daya mix. Amma yana buƙatar girmamawa ga sunadarai.
Kar a amince da yawan allurai. Gwada tare da simintin ku da aggregates. Ƙayyade ma'anar jikewa. Yi amfani da ƙarin jinkiri. Saka idanu zafin jiki. Kuma ko da yaushe duba dacewa da sauran kayan haɗin gwiwa kafin motar ta iso.
Yi amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodin. Simintin ku zai daɗe. Tsarin ku zai yi aiki mafi kyau. Wannan ba ra'ayi ba ne. Data kenan.
Mai bayarwa
ConcreteAndMore amintaccen mai siyar da simintin siminti ne na manyan ayyuka da sinadarai na gini.. Tare da shekarun gwanintar masana'antu, mun ƙware wajen samar da sabbin hanyoyin magancewa gami da polycarboxylate superplasticizers, kankare zaruruwa, defoamers, wakilai masu kumfa, da ci-gaba na Airgel thermal insulation kayayyakin. Idan kana sha'awar kankare admixture, don Allah a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu!