Abubuwan Kariyar Kankare Masu Sauƙi | Mahimman Ayyuka Masu Kumfa don Kankalin Salon salula
Wayar ta kara a 11 p.m. Cibiyar aikewa ta yi sanyi, amma muryar mai aikowa ta ɗauki wannan takamaiman gefen wani yana kallon bala'i a hankali a hankali. Nauyin mita 9-cubic na babban aiki kankare, ya nufa don wani gada ya zuba da asuba, ya kasance yana zaune akan motar 90 mintuna. Tafiya ta kasance abin ban tsoro. Haɗin ya riga ya yi ƙarfi. Sufeto a wurin yana da tambaya guda ɗaya: Me ya sa ba ku yi amfani da wakili mai ƙarancin slump asarar superplasticizer ba?
Kudin daren $4,200 a cikin kankare da aka ƙi da jinkirin sa'o'i 14. Irin kuskuren da ake tunawa. Hakanan irin wannan matsala ce, idan an warware daidai, yana sa ka zama jarumi. Wannan labarin shine tabbatacce, ba-BS kwatanta na fasahohin da ke hana wannan kiran wayar faruwa.
1. Abin da Wakilin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa Yana Yi (Injiniyanci)
Mu kashe jargon. Madaidaicin babban mai rage ruwa (HRW) yana bugun siminti da karfi, ya tarwatsa su, yana ba ku babban haɓakar slump - sannan an yi shi. Ƙarfin aiki yana ɓacewa yayin da siminti ya fara zagayowar hydration na yau da kullun. A low slump asarar wakili superplasticizer yayi wani abu daban. Ba wai kawai ya watse ba. Yana tsawaita lokacin hana ruwa.
Yi la'akari da shi a matsayin gwamnan sinadarai. Yana toshe wuraren amsawar C₃A na ɗan lokaci akan hatsin siminti. Rushewar farko tana nan. Riƙewa yana daɗe. Siminti yana tsayawa ruwa don 60, 90, ko da 120 mintuna sun fi tsayin daidaitattun HRWR. Tsarin ba sihiri bane. Daidaitacce ne a hankali polymer wanda ke jinkirta samuwar farkon ettringite ba tare da kashe saitin ƙarshe ba.
2. Manyan Iyalai Biyu: PCE vs. Naphthalene / Melamine sulfonates
Kuna da zaɓi biyu na gaske. Kuma daya daga cikinsu yana yi maka karya game da aikinsa.
2.1. Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) Madogaran Asarar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira
Wannan shine ma'aunin zamani. Kwayoyin PCE suna da sarƙoƙi na gefe masu tsayi waɗanda ke ba da tsangwama - hanya mai ban sha'awa ta faɗin simintin a zahiri ba zai iya kusanci isa don yawo ba.. Riƙewar slump yana da kyau kwarai, sau da yawa wuce gona da iri 120 mintuna a daidaitattun allurai (0.2% ku 0.5% da nauyin siminti). Domin zafi-weather concreting (a sama 35 °C), Wakilan tushen PCE shine kawai abin dogaro.
Ribobi:
- Keɓaɓɓen riƙewar raguwa (1-2 hours ba tare da sake yin allurai ba).
- Babban yuwuwar rage yawan ruwa (har zuwa 30-40%).
- Yana aiki da kyau tare da ash gardama da slag.
Fursunoni:
- M ga wuce gona da iri. Ya wuce 0.6% kuma kuna haɗarin jinkiri mai tsanani ko asarar ƙarfi.
- Musamman siminti. PCE da ke aiki daidai da siminti Nau'in I na iya gazawa tare da babban-C₃A Type III.
- Farashin 2x-3x fiye da kowace lita fiye da naphthalene.
2.2. Naphthalene ko Melamine Sulfonate Based Agents
Waɗannan su ne tsofaffin masu gadi. Naphthalene sulfonate (NS) da kuma melamine sulfonate (MS) aiki ta hanyar electrostatic repulsion. Sun fi arha, ƙarin gafara tare da kuskuren sashi, kuma yadu samuwa. Amma ɓacin ransu yana da matsakaici. Yawanci, Kuna samun taga na mintuna 30-45 kafin slump ya faɗi. Don dogon tafiya, an tilasta muku sake yin allurai akan wurin, wanda ke gabatar da sauye-sauye da ciwon kai na QA.
Ribobi:
- Maras tsada. Sau da yawa kashi ɗaya bisa uku farashin PCE.
- Faɗin daidaituwar siminti. Ƙananan zaɓe game da abun ciki na C₃A.
- Ƙananan haɗari na jinkirin bala'i idan an yi amfani da shi fiye da kima.
Fursunoni:
- Rashin riƙe ɓacin rai. Manta shi don yanayin zafi ko ɗaukar nauyi> 30 mintuna.
- Ƙananan raguwar ruwa (15%-20%).
- Zai iya haifar da tabo mai duhu a cikin kankare mai launin haske.
3. Kwatancen Ayyuka: Low Slump Asarar vs. Babban darajar HRWR
Anan ga gaskiyar cewa yawancin bayanan samfuran ba za su nuna muku ba. Mun gwada jami'an kasuwanci guda uku akan daidaitaccen haɗin OPC (400 kg/m³ siminti, w/c = 0.40, temp = 30 °C) amfani da ASTM C143 a tazarar mintuna 15.
| Lokaci (min) | Babban darajar HRWR (Naphthalene) | Babban darajar HRWR (PCE) | Wakilin PCE mara ƙarancin Rasa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 230 mm | 240 mm | 230 mm |
| 30 | 180 mm | 210 mm | 225 mm |
| 60 | 120 mm | 170 mm | 210 mm |
| 90 | 80 mm | 130 mm | 190 mm |
| 120 | 50 mm | 90 mm | 170 mm |
A 90 mintuna, daidaitaccen naphthalene HRWR kusan ba zai iya aiki ba. Daidaitaccen PCE shine iyaka. Har ila yau, ma'aikacin asarar ƙarancin slump yana da raguwa 190 mm. Wannan shi ne bambanci tsakanin zuba mai nasara da kayan da aka ƙi.
4. Sashi da Ingantawa (Babu Daki don Aikin Hasashen)
Madaidaicin kewayon sashi na tushen PCE ƙarancin asarar superplasticizer shine 0.2% ku 0.5% ta nauyin kayan siminti. Don haɗe-haɗe na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi 400 kg/m³ na siminti, wato 0.8 ku 2.0 lita da cubic mita.
Over-dosage tarko ne. Tafi sama 0.6% da nauyin siminti na iya jinkirta saita ƙarshe ta 8 ku 12 hours. A cikin sanyi yanayi, wanda ya kai zuwa 24+ hours. Hakanan kuna haɗarin raguwar ma'auni a cikin ƙarfin matsi na kwanaki 28-wani lokaci da 10%-15%. Tabo mai dadi shine kashi 0.35%-0.45% don yawancin aikace-aikacen al'ada.
Under-dosage ne daidai wawa. A kasa 0.2%, kuna samun daidaitaccen aikin HRWR tare da fa'idar riƙe ƙasa mara nauyi. Kuna biyan ƙarin don wakili kuma ba ku sami komai ba. Gwada haɗin ku. Daidaita ciki 0.05% karuwa. Shiga kowane sakamako.
5. Daidaituwa da Siminti (Babban darajar C₃A)
Nau'in siminti shine madaidaicin ɓoye. Abubuwan da ke cikin C₃A a cikin siminti suna tsara komai. Idan C₃A yana ƙasa 5% (Nau'in nau'in V sulfate-resistant siminti), Rashin ƙarancin raguwa PCE zai ba ku kyakkyawan riƙewa-sau da yawa fiye da haka 150 mintuna. Idan C₃A yana sama 10% (na kowa a cikin siminti Nau'in III mai ƙarfi-farko), wakili ɗaya na iya yin hasara 50% na iya rike ta.
Ciwon siminti yana da mahimmanci kuma. A Blaine fineness a sama 4000 cm²/g yana hanzarta samar da ruwa da wuri kuma yana rage ingantaccen taga wakilin asara. A cikin wadannan lokuta, ba za ku iya dogara da daidaitaccen adadin ba. Dole ne ku ƙara shi da 15%-20% ko canza zuwa takamaiman ƙirƙira ƙarancin asarar PCE tare da mafi girman sarkar gefe..
6. Yanayin aikace-aikace: Inda Karancin Asarar Kuɗi ke Samun Kuɗi
Ba kwa buƙatar maƙasudin asarar slump don kowane zuba. Amma ga takamaiman yanayi guda uku, ba na tilas ba ne, wajibi ne.
Shirye-shirye-hada kankare a cikin yanayin zafi (yanayi > 35 °C). Ma'aikatan HRWR daidaitattun sun rasa tasiri a cikin zafi. Rushewar ta bace a ciki 20 mintuna. Wakilin PCE mai ƙarancin lalacewa yana riƙe da iya aiki na mintuna 90-120, ba ku lokaci zuwa wuri da gamawa.
Isar da kankare mai tsayi (lokacin wucewa > 45 mintuna). Idan motar tana kan hanya fiye da haka 45 mintuna, kuna caca. Wani ma'aikacin asarar ƙarancin slump yana kawar da buƙatar sake yin amfani da shi da kuma bambancin ingancin da ke hade.
Manyan ci gaba da zubewa (tushe, katifa, gada bene). A cikin zubowa da yawa 100 m³, simintin da ke bayan famfon dole ne ya zama mai iya aiki kamar simintin da ya fara fitowa. Ƙarƙashin asarar wakili na slump yana tabbatar da raguwa iri ɗaya a duk faɗin, rage sanyi gidajen abinci da ƙarfafa lahani.
7. Mu'amala tare da Sauran Addmixtures (Matrix dacewa)
Low slump asarar superplasticizers ba sa aiki a ware. Suna yin mu'amala da sauran sinadarai.
Ma'aikatan da ke haɓaka iska: Ma'aikatan asarar slump na tushen PCE na iya kama iska. A kan mahaɗin da aka saba, tsammanin karuwar 1% -2% a cikin abun cikin iska. Dole ne ku rage adadin AEA ɗin ku da 20%-30% don ramawa. Rashin yin hakan yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfi, babban simintin iska wanda ya gaza gwajin ƙarfin matsawa.
Masu jinkirtawa: Ƙara retarder (misali, citric acid ko sodium gluconate) a saman ƙananan asarar PCE shine girke-girke na taron sake dawowa sau biyu. Yi wannan kawai idan kuna son siminti wanda har yanzu yana da taushi 30 hours.
Masu hanzari: Calcium nitrate ko triethanolamine na tushen accelerators gabaɗaya sun dace. Amma calcium chloride (Nau'in C accelerator) bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba. Yana maida martani da ƙarfi tare da polymers PCE, karya sarƙoƙi na gefe kuma nan take kashe ɓata lokaci.
8. Tasiri kan Kayayyakin Kankare Na Ƙarshe
An yi allura da kyau, low slump asarar superplasticizer baya cutar da ƙarfin matsawa na kwanaki 28. A gaskiya, saboda yana ba da damar ƙananan w/c rabo a wannan slump, shi sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa ƙarfi ta 5% – 10% idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen mahaɗin HRWR. Alamun dorewa (chloride permeability, daskare-narke juriya) ba su canzawa ko dan kadan inganta saboda ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan.
Hadarin yana cikin kashi ne kawai. A 0.5% da sama, asarar ƙarfi ya zama mahimmancin ƙididdiga. A 0.7%, za ka iya sa ran a 15% raguwa a cikin ƙarfin 28-day. Simintin zai yi kyau a cikin motar amma ya kasa a cikin silinda.
9. Hanyoyin Gwaji: Yadda Ake Tabbatar Da Riƙon Ƙaƙwalwa
Dakatar da amincewa da takaddun bayanai. Gwada mahaɗin ku. Bi ASTM C143 tare da waɗannan gyare-gyare:
- Misalin kankare a 0, 30, 60, 90, kuma 120 mintuna bayan hadawa.
- Ajiye siminti a cikin gangan motar (ko kwandon da aka rufe) a yanayin zafin wurin aiki da ake tsammani.
- Kada a sake yin fushi ko ƙara ruwa tsakanin gwaje-gwaje.
- Shirya slump vs. lokacin lankwasa. Ya kamata wakilin asara mara ƙanƙara ya nuna gangara ƙasa da 30 mm/h.
Idan gangara ta fi 50 mm/h, Yawan adadin ku ba daidai ba ne, ko wakilin bai dace da simintin ku ba.
10. Kula da inganci: Gyaran filin da Ajiya
Ajiye wakili tsakanin 5 °C da 35 °C. Daskarewa yana lalata tsarin polymer. Zazzabi a sama 50 °C yana haifar da fitar da ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa, canza m daskararru maida hankali. Gwada takamaiman nauyi a farkon kowane aiki. A 0.02 sabawa daga takardar bayanan masana'anta yana nufin an lalatar da wakili.
gyare-gyaren filin abu ne mai sauƙi: idan raunin mintuna 60 yana ƙasa 150 mm a kan mahaɗin da ke buƙatar 180 mm, ƙara adadin ta 0.05% don kaya na gaba. Idan faɗuwar minti 120 tana kan sama 200 mm da kankare ba saitin a 8 hours, kun yi yawa. Yanke ta 0.1%.
Kammalawa: Thearancin Rashin Slump Asarar Superplasticizer Kadai Ya Kamata Ku Siya
Kuna da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu a nan. Kuna iya ci gaba da yin amfani da wakilai na tushen naphthalene kuma fatan zirga-zirgar ta yi muku alheri. Ko kuma kuna iya dakatar da caca.
Bayan 20 shekaru a cikin wannan masana'antar, Na ga daidai aji ɗaya na samfur wanda ke bayarwa akai-akai 90+ mintoci na amintaccen riƙon faɗuwa a fadin siminti daban-daban da yanayin zafi: Abubuwan da ke tushen PCE-ƙananan asarar slump superplasticizer tare da babban sarkar gefe-gefe da kuma ginannen inhibitor hydration..
Mun kimanta samfuran kasuwanci guda shida bisa ka'idodin da ke sama. Daya tsaya waje daya: MasterGlenium 7920 (BASF) kuma An ba 195 (Abubuwan da aka bayar na GCP Applied Technologies) su ne ma'auni. Dukansu suna kiyaye raguwa a sama 200 mm za 90 mintuna a 35 °C. Dukansu sun dace da ash gardama da slag. Dukansu suna da madaidaicin ma'auni.
Matakin mataki: Kada ku yi oda na gama-gari. Kira wakilin BASF na gida ko GCP yau. Nemi rukunin gwaji tare da takamaiman simintin ku da tara. Gudanar da gwajin riƙewar ASTM C143 a tazara na mintuna 30. Kar a yarda da ƙasa da haka 180 mm ku 90 mintuna. Tushen gadar ku, kafuwar ka, kuma ku 11 p.m. kiran waya ya dogara da shi.
Mai bayarwa
ConcreteAndMore amintaccen mai siyar da simintin siminti ne na manyan ayyuka da sinadarai na gini.. Tare da shekarun gwanintar masana'antu, mun ƙware wajen samar da sabbin hanyoyin magancewa gami da polycarboxylate superplasticizers, kankare zaruruwa, defoamers, wakilai masu kumfa, da ci-gaba na Airgel thermal insulation kayayyakin. Idan kana sha'awar kankare admixture, don Allah a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu!