I-Loss Slump ephantsi ye-Superplasticizer Agent: Uthelekiso olungena-Fluff lweeNjineli ezifuna ukusebenza

Yakhala ifowuni 11 p.m. Iziko lokuhambisa lalizolile, kodwa ilizwi le-dispatcher liphethe loo ngqalelo ithile yomntu obukele intlekele isenzeka ngokucothayo. Umthwalo we-9-cubic-meter wokusebenza okuphezulu ikhonkrithi, imiselwe idekhi yebhulorho ngonyezi, ebehleli kwi truck 90 imizuzu. Trafiki yayiliphupha elibi. Umxube wawusele uqina. Intsumpa kweso siza ibinombuzo omnye: Kutheni ungasebenzisi i-arhente ye-superplasticizer yelahleko ephantsi?

Ngobo busuku ixabiso $4,200 kwikhonkrithi ekhatywayo kunye nokulibaziseka kweshedyuli yeeyure ze-14. Yayiluhlobo lwempazamo oluthi lukhunjulwe. Kwakhona luhlobo lwengxaki leyo, xa isonjululwe ngokuchanekileyo, ikwenza ubukeke njengeqhawe. Eli nqaku lelona lichanekileyo, akukho-BS uthelekiso yetekhnoloji ethintela ukuba umnxeba ungenzeki.

1. Yintoni eneneni iArhente yeLahleko ye-Superplasticizer ephantsi (Inkqubo)

Masiyibulale ijagoni. Isinciphisi samanzi esikumgangatho ophezulu (HRW) ibetha ngamandla amasuntswana esamente, uyabachithachitha, ikunika ukomelela okukhulu kokuwohloka-kwaye ke iyenziwa. Ukusebenza kuyaphela njengoko isamente iqalisa umjikelo wayo wesiqhelo wokugalela amanzi. A ilahleko yokudilika okuphantsi arhente superplasticizer wenza into eyahlukileyo. Ayichithanga nje. Yandisa ixesha lokuvinjelwa kwe-hydration.

Yicinge njengomlawuli wekhemikhali. Ivala okwexeshana iindawo zokusabela ze-C₃A kwiinkozo zesamente. Uluhlu lokuqala lukhona. Ukugcinwa kuthatha ixesha elide. Ikhonkrithi ihlala ulwelo 60, 90, ngokulinganayo 120 imizuzu ubude kune HRWR eqhelekileyo. Indlela yokusebenza ayingomlingo. Yinto elungeleleneyo ngononophelo ipholima oko kulibazisa ukusekwa kwe-ettringite kwangoko ngaphandle kokubulala iseti yokugqibela.

2. Iintsapho ezimbini eziphambili: PCE vs. iNaphthalene / I-Melamine Sulfonates

Unokhetho olubini lokwenyani. Kwaye omnye wabo uyaxoka kuwe malunga ukusebenza kwayo.

2.1. Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) Ngokusekelwe kwii-Arhente zelahleko ezisezantsi

Lo ngumgangatho wale mihla. Iimolekyuli ze-PCE zinemixokelelwane emide esecaleni ebonelela ngesithintelo esiqinileyo-indlela entle yokuthetha ukuba amasuntswana esamente ngokwasemzimbeni akanako ukusondela ngokwaneleyo ukuba adadayo.. Ukugcinwa kwe-slump kuhle kakhulu, rhoqo ukugqitha 120 imizuzu kwiidosi eziqhelekileyo (0.2% ukuya 0.5% ngobunzima besamente). Kuba eshushu-imozulu concreting (ngaphezulu 35 °C), Ii-agent ezisekelwe kwi-PCE kuphela kwendlela ethembekileyo.

IiPros:

• Ukugcinwa kokudodobala okungaqhelekanga (1-Iiyure ezi-2 ngaphandle kokuphinda-dose).
• Amandla aphezulu kakhulu okunciphisa amanzi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% -40%).
• Isebenza kakuhle nge-fly ash kunye ne-slag.

Ububi:

• Inovakalelo kwidosi egqithisileyo. Gqiba 0.6% kwaye usengozini yokuphelelwa ngamandla okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ithe ngqo kwisamente. I-PCE esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo nge-Type I-cement ingaphumeleli nge-C₃A Uhlobo lwe-III oluphezulu.
• Iindleko 2x–3x ngaphezulu ilitha nganye kunenaphthalene.

2.2. Naphthalene okanye Melamine Sulfonate Based Agents

Aba ngoonogada bakudala. Naphthalene sulfonate (NS) kunye ne-melamine sulfonate (NKSK) ukusebenza nge-electrostatic repulsion. Amaxabiso aphantsi, ukuxolela ngakumbi ngeempazamo zedosi, kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi. Kodwa ukugcinwa kwabo kokudodobala kuncinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ufumana iwindow yemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 phambi kokuba ithontsi liwe. Uhambo olude, unyanzeliswa ukuba uphinde uthathe idosi kwisiza, eyazisa ukuguquguquka kunye neentloko ze-QA.

IiPros:

• Ixabiso eliphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isinye kwisithathu ixabiso le-PCE.
• Ukuhambelana okubanzi kwesamente. Ukukhetha okuncinci malunga nomxholo we-C₃A.
• Umngcipheko osezantsi wokubambezeleka kwintlekele ukuba ugqithise umthamo.

Ububi:

• Ukugcinwa kakubi kwe-slump. Yilibale ngemozulu eshushu okanye ukutsala > imizuzu engama-30.
• Ukucuthwa kwamanzi asezantsi (15%-20%).
• Inokubangela ukungcola okumnyama kwikhonkrithi enombala okhanyayo.

3. Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo: Ilahleko yeSlump ephantsi vs. I-HRWR eqhelekileyo

Nantsi inyani ukuba uninzi lweemveliso zedatha aziyi kukubonisa. Sivavanye iiarhente ezintathu zorhwebo kumxube oqhelekileyo we-OPC (400 kg/m³ isamente, w/c = 0.40, ixesha = 30 °C) usebenzisa i-ASTM C143 ngexesha lemizuzu eyi-15.

Nge 90 imizuzu, umgangatho we-naphthalene HRWR awusebenzi. I-PCE eqhelekileyo ingumda. I-arhente yelahleko ephantsi isenayo i-slump 190 mm. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kokuthululwa okuyimpumelelo kunye nomthwalo owaliwe.

4. Umthamo kunye noPhuculo (Akukho gumbi lokuQala)

Uluhlu lwedosi esemgangathweni ye-PCE-based low slump loss loss superplasticizer yi 0.2% ukuya 0.5% ngobunzima bemathiriyeli yesamente. Kumxube oqhelekileyo oqulathe 400 kg/m³ yesamente, yiyo i 0.8 ukuya 2.0 iilitha nganye cubic meter.

Ukugqithiswa kwedosi ngumgibe. Ukuya phezulu 0.6% ngobunzima besamente unokulibazisa iseti yokugqibela nge 8 ukuya 12 iiyure. Kwimozulu ebandayo, oko kunabela ku 24+ iiyure. Kwakhona ubeka umngcipheko wokunciphisa umlinganiselo kumandla oxinzelelo lweentsuku ezingama-28-ngamanye amaxesha nge-10% -15%. Indawo eswiti yi-0.35%-0.45% yedosi kuninzi lwezicelo eziqhelekileyo.

I-Under-dosage ibubudenge ngokulinganayo. Ngezantsi 0.2%, ufumana ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwe-HRWR kunye nenzuzo yogcino lweziro. Uhlawula ngaphezulu kwi-arhente kwaye awufumani nto ngembuyekezo. Vavanya umxube wakho. Lungisa ngaphakathi 0.05% ukwanda. Faka zonke iziphumo.

5. Ukuhambelana neSamente (I-C₃A Factor)

Uhlobo lwesamente lutshintsho olufihliweyo. Umxholo weC₃A kwisamente uyalela yonke into. Ukuba iC₃A ingezantsi 5% (eqhelekileyo kwiisamente zohlobo lwe-V sulfate-resistant), ilahleko ephantsi ye-PCE iya kukunika ukugcinwa okuhle kakhulu-kaninzi ngaphaya 150 imizuzu. Ukuba iC₃A ingentla 10% (ixhaphake kwi-high-early-early-power Type III cements), i-arhente efanayo inokulahlekelwa 50% yesakhono sayo sokugcina.

Intlawulo yesamente nayo ibalulekile. A Blaine fineness ngasentla 4000 cm²/g ikhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwangethuba kwaye yehlisa ifestile esebenzayo yearhente yelahleko yokuthotywa. Kwezi meko, awukwazi ukuxhomekeka kwidosi esemgangathweni. Kufuneka ukwandise nge-15% -20% okanye utshintshele kwi-PCE yelahleko ephantsi-ephantsi kunye ne-side-chain density ephezulu..

6. Iimeko zeSicelo: Apho ilahleko yeSlump ephantsi ifumana imali yayo

Awudingi i-arhente yelahleko ephantsi yokugalelwa ngakunye. Kodwa kwiimeko ezintathu ezikhethekileyo, ayingokuzikhethela, kunyanzelekile.

Ukulungelelanisa ikhonkrithi kwiindawo ezishushu (kwindawo > 35 °C). Iiarhente eziqhelekileyo ze-HRWR zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle ekushiseni. Ukuwohloka kuyanyamalala 20 imizuzu. I-agent ye-PCE ye-slump ilahleko ephantsi ibamba ukusebenza kwe-90-120 imizuzu, kukunika ixesha lokubeka kwaye ugqibe.

Ukuhanjiswa kwekhonkrithi ixesha elide (ixesha lokuhamba > 45 imizuzu). Ukuba ilori isendleleni ngaphezulu kwe 45 imizuzu, uyangcakaza. I-arhente yelahleko ephantsi isusa imfuno yokuphinda idose kunye nokuhluka komgangatho ohambelanayo.

Ukugalela okukhulu okuqhubekayo (iziseko, amacwecwe mat, iidekhi zebhulorho). Ukugalela okugqithileyo 100 m³, ikhonkrithi esemva kwempompo kufuneka isebenze njengekhonkrithi ephume kuqala. I-arhente yelahleko ephantsi iqinisekisa ukuthotywa okufanayo kuyo yonke into yokugalela, ukunciphisa amalunga abandayo kunye neziphene zokuqinisa.

7. Ukunxibelelana nezinye iiMixube (Ukuhambelana kweMatrix)

Ii-superplasticizers ezilahlekileyo ezisezantsi azisebenzi zodwa. Zisebenzisana ngamandla nezinye iikhemikhali.

Iiarhente zokungenisa umoya: I-PCE-based slump loss loss agents zinokubamba umoya. Kumxube oqhelekileyo, lindela ukunyuka kwe-1% -2% kumxholo womoya. Kufuneka unciphise idosi yakho ye-AEA ngama-20%–30% ukubuyisela. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kuvelisa amandla aphantsi, ikhonkrithi ephezulu yomoya engaphumeleliyo kuvavanyo lwamandla acinezelayo.

Abasemva: Ukongeza i-retarder (umz., citric acid okanye sodium gluconate) phezu kwelahleko ephantsi yokudilika kwe-PCE yiresiphi yesiganeko sokubuyiswa kabini. Yenza oku kuphela ukuba ufuna ikhonkrithi ethambileyo 30 iiyure.

Ii-accelerators: I-calcium nitrate okanye i-triethanolamine-based accelerators iyahambelana ngokubanzi. Kodwa i-calcium chloride (Uhlobo C i-accelerator) akufunekanga isetyenziswe. Isabela ngobundlobongela kunye neepolima zePCE, ukwaphula amatyathanga asecaleni kunye nokubulala ngoko nangoko ugcino lokuthotywa.

8. Impembelelo kwiiPropati zokugqibela zeConcrete

Ithasilwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-superplasticizer yelahleko ephantsi ayilimazi amandla oxinzelelo lweentsuku ezingama-28. Inyaniso, kuba ivumela umlinganiselo we-w/c osezantsi kwindawo enye, rhoqo ukwanda amandla nge-5% -10% xa kuthelekiswa nomxube oqhelekileyo we-HRWR. Izalathi zokuqina (ukunyanzeliswa kwekloridi, umkhenkce ukunyibilika) azitshintshwanga okanye ziphuculwe kancinci ngenxa yobume be-microstructure exineneyo.

Umngcipheko ukwidosi kuphela. Nge 0.5% nangaphezulu, ilahleko yamandla iba yinto ebalulekileyo ngokwezibalo. Nge 0.7%, unokulindela a 15% ukunciphisa amandla eentsuku ezingama-28. Ikhonkrithi iya kubonakala ilungile kwilori kodwa ingaphumeleli kwi-cylinder.

9. Iindlela zoVavanyo: Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kweSlump

Yeka ukuthembela kwiinkcukacha zedatha. Vavanya owakho umxube. Landela i-ASTM C143 ngolu tshintsho:

• Isampulu yekhonkrithi kwi 0, 30, 60, 90, kwaye 120 imizuzu emva kokuxuba.
• Gcina ikhonkrithi kwigubu lelori (okanye isitya esigqunyiweyo) kwiqondo lobushushu elilindelekileyo lendawo yomsebenzi.
• Musa ukucaphuka kwakhona okanye wongeze amanzi phakathi kovavanyo.
• Yenza isicwangciso sokuwa vs. ijika lexesha. I-arhente yelahleko ephantsi kufuneka ibonise ithambeka elingaphantsi kune 30 mm/iyure.

Ukuba ithambeka liphezulu kune 50 mm/iyure, Idosi yakho ayilunganga, okanye i-arhente ayihambelani nesamente yakho.

10. Ulawulo lwemeko: Uhlengahlengiso lweNdawo kunye noGcino

Gcina i-arhente phakathi 5 °C kunye 35 °C. Ukukhenkceza kutshabalalisa ubume bepolymer. Amaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu 50 °C yenza ukuba amanzi abe ngumphunga, ukutshintsha ugxininiso olusebenzayo lweziqina. Vavanya ubunzima obuthile ekuqaleni kwawo wonke umsebenzi. A 0.02 ukutenxa kumenzi wedatha kuthetha ukuba i-arhente isengozini.

Uhlengahlengiso lwentsimi lulula: ukuba ukuwohloka kwemizuzu engama-60 kungezantsi 150 mm kumxube ofuna 180 mm, ukwandisa umthamo nge 0.05% kumthwalo olandelayo. Ukuba ukuwohloka kwemizuzu eyi-120 kusengaphezulu 200 mm kwaye ikhonkrithi ayibekwanga 8 iiyure, ugqithise. Sika kwakhona 0.1%.

Ukuqukumbela: Ekuphela kwe-Arhente ye-Slump yelahleko ePhantsi ye-Superplasticizer ekufuneka uyithenge

Uneendlela ezimbini ongakhetha kuzo apha. Unokuqhubeka usebenzisa ii-agent ezisekelwe kwi-naphthalene kwaye uthemba ukuba i-traffic inobubele kuwe. Okanye unokuyeka ukungcakaza.

Emva koko 20 iminyaka kweli shishini, Ndibone kanye udidi olunye lwemveliso ehlala ihambisa 90+ imizuzu yokugcinwa okuthembekileyo kokuwohloka kuzo zonke iisamente ezahlukeneyo kunye nemozulu eshushu: I-PCE-based low slump loss loss superplasticizer agents ezinoxinaniso oluphezulu lwecala kunye ne-built-in hydration inhibitor..

Sivavanye iimveliso ezintandathu zorhwebo ngokuchasene nemigaqo engentla. Omnye wema ngaphandle: MasterGlenium 7920 (BASF) kwaye Nikiwe 195 (GCP Applied Technologies) ziibenchmarks. Zombini zigcina i-slump ngaphezulu 200 mm ngenxa 90 imizuzu kwi 35 °C. Zombini ziyahambelana nothuthu lwempukane kunye ne-slag. Zombini zineegophe zedosi eqikelelweyo.

Inyathelo lesenzo: Musa ukuodola igeneric. Tsalela umnxeba kwi-BASF okanye i-GCP rep namhlanje. Cela ibhetshi yesilingo kunye nesamente yakho ethile kunye ne-aggregate. Qhuba uvavanyo lokugcinwa kwe-ASTM C143 ngexesha lemizuzu engama-30. Musa ukwamkela ngaphantsi kwe 180 mm kwi 90 imizuzu. Idekhi yakho yebhulorho, isiseko sakho, kwaye wena 11 p.m. umnxeba uxhomekeke kuyo.

Umthengisi
I-ConcreteAndMore ngumthengisi othembekileyo wehlabathi jikelele wezinto ezixubeneyo zekonkrithi ezisebenza kakhulu kunye neekhemikhali zokwakha.. Ngeminyaka yobungcali kwishishini, Sisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ezintsha eziquka iipolycarboxylate superplasticizers, imicu yekhonkrithi, defoamers, ii-arhente zogwebu, kunye neemveliso zokugquma ubushushu be-airgel. Ukuba unomdla kwi-concrete admixture, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi!