Zowona Zokhudza Zingwe Zopangira Zopangira Zopangira Konkriti: Chifukwa Chake Chitsulo Sichiri Yankho Nthawi Zonse

Lekani Kuchita Zomangamanga Zanu Ngati Mlatho Wokwera

Tiyeni tikhale mwachindunji: ngati mukutchulabe ulusi wachitsulo kapena mawaya wonyezimira pamakinala aliwonse osazolowereka, mukungowonjezera vutolo ndikuyambitsa mutu wokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Sewero lanzeru pamachubu ambiri amakono makamaka omwe ali m'madzi apansi pansi, chinyezi chambiri, kapena kukhudzana ndi mankhwala-ndi structural synthetic fibers for konkriti tunnel linings. Takhala zaka zambiri tikuwona ntchito zikulephera osati chifukwa konkriti idasweka, koma chifukwa chitsulo chinachita dzimbiri. Ife tiri pano kuti tinene: ndi nthawi yoti musinthe malingaliro anu osakhazikika.

Izi sizokhudza kusiya mphamvu. Ndiko kutanthauziranso zomwe kulimbikitsa kumatanthauza m'malo a ngalande. Tikufuna dongosolo lomwe limalimbana ndi ming'alu ya shrinkage, amatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku katundu wophulika mwala, ndipo amapirirabe pamene moto ukuyaka. Chitsulo sichingachite zonse zitatu popanda kusinthanitsa kwakukulu. Synthetics akhoza.

1. The Material Reality Check: Polypropylene, PVA, ndi Aramid

Sikuti ulusi wonse wopangidwa umapangidwa mofanana. Tikamakamba za structural synthetic fibers for konkriti tunnel linings, sitikulankhula za tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kutsika kwa pulasitiki mu slab pa giredi. Tikulankhula za macro-fibers-nthawi zambiri 40 mm kuti 60 mm kutalika-opangidwa kuchokera ku high-tenacity polypropylene, polyolefin blends, PVA (mowa wa polyvinyl), kapena, muzovuta kwambiri, aramid.

1.1. Polypropylene ndi Polyolefin: The Workhorses

Izi ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani?? Iwo ndi mankhwala inert, sachita dzimbiri, ndipo amapereka kulimba kwambiri pamtengo. Mu chonyowa-kusakaniza shotcrete, amapopa ngati maloto atamwedwa bwino. Tawonapo zingwe pomwe kontrakitala adasintha kuchoka kuchitsulo kupita ku polyolefin macro-fiber, ndipo phindu lomwe linalipo nthawi yomweyo linali kutsika kwa rebound-steel shotcrete rebound nthawi zambiri 15-20%, koma zopangira zimatsitsa izo pansi 5%. Kumeneko si ndalama zocheperako; ndiko kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zinyalala zakuthupi ndi ntchito yoyeretsa.

1.2. PVA Fibers: Pamene Bond Ndi Chilichonse

Ulusi wa PVA uli ndi mgwirizano wachilengedwe wa simenti. Amalumikizana ndi mankhwala. Izi zimawapatsa m'mphepete mwa zomangira zopyapyala kapena kukonzanso komwe mumafunikira kuwongolera kwapadera kwapang'onopang'ono kwambiri.. Komabe, iwo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukhala ovuta kumwazikana mofanana. Timawalimbikitsa pokhapokha ngati mikhalidwe ya geotechnical ikufuna kutsika kocheperako komanso kulimba kwambiri kwa gawo lochepa thupi..

1.3. Aramidi: The Special Forces

Kwa madera a seismic kapena tunnel zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi miyala yakugwa, ulusi wa aramid umapereka kuyamwa mphamvu komwe kumalimbana ndi chitsulo. Iwo ndi okwera mtengo, koma ngati mapangidwe anu amafunikira mphamvu yotsalira pambuyo pa ming'alu yomwe palibe yopangidwa ina iliyonse yomwe ingakhudze, aramid ndiye yankho. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala.

2. Corrosion Ndiye Wakupha Chete. Zitsulo Zachitsulo Zimatulutsa Magazi.

Tatsegula zipinda zazaka khumi zokhala ndi ulusi wachitsulo. Taona dzimbiri likudetsa. Tayesa kutayika kwa magawo odutsa muzitsulo zomwe zili pafupi ndi pamwamba. M'malo a ngalandeyo, pali chinyezi, Nthawi zambiri ma chloride kuchokera ku mchere wothira madzi otengedwa ndi magalimoto, ndipo nthawi zina sulfates mu nthaka. Zitsulo zachitsulo zimachita dzimbiri. Pamene dzimbiri, amafutukula. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti konkire ikhale yovuta kwambiri yomwe imayambitsa kuphulika pamwamba.

Ndi structural synthetic fibers for konkriti tunnel linings, chiopsezochi chimatha. Zero. Zili. CHIKWANGWANI sichichita. Konkriti imakhalabe yoyera. Kwa ngalande yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhalitsa 100+ zaka, Ubwino umodzi uwu uyenera kuyendetsa chigamulo cha chingwe chilichonse pamalo owononga. Sitikulingalira. Iyi ndiye maziko a sayansi ya zinthu.

3. Mechanical Magwiridwe: Kulimba Kuposa Mphamvu

Tiyenera kusiya kutengeka ndi mphamvu zopondereza ndikuyamba kufuna kulimba kwa flexural. Mzere wa ngalande ndi chipolopolo. Imapindika. Imapunduka. Imafunika kuyamwa mphamvu popanda kulephera mwatsoka. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi mphamvu yotsalira - ulusi ungagwirizanitse ming'aluyo pambuyo pa kusweka kwa konkriti?

Zitsulo zachitsulo zimapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri pambuyo pa kung'ambika, koma ndi olemera ndi ouma. Mu ntchito shotcrete, amapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zovuta kupopera ndikuwonjezera kuvala pazida. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi zomangamanga umapereka njira yolephereka kwambiri. Pamene konkire imasweka, ulusi wa synthetic amatambasula, kuyamwa mphamvu. Iwo samawombera. Iwo samapanga kupsinjika kwakuthwa kwamphamvu pa nsonga yosweka. Tili ndi data kuchokera pamayeso ambiri (ASTM C1550 kapena EN 14651) kusonyeza kuti kusakaniza kopangidwa bwino kopangidwa ndi ulusi kungafanane ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwachitsulo pamlingo wochepera kwambiri potengera kulemera..

4. Ntchito ya Moto: The Spalling Nightmare

Ngati simunawonepo ngalande yokhazikika pambuyo pa moto wowopsa, muyenera kumvetsa izi: konkire spalls kuphulika pamene kutentha mofulumira. Mpweya wa nthunzi umachulukana mkati mwa konkire, ndi ma slabs a lining amawomba, kuwonetsa kuwonjezereka. Ndi ulusi wachitsulo, limenelo ndi tsoka. Chitsulo chimatentha, amataya mphamvu, ndipo kapangidwe kameneka kamasokonekera.

Mapangidwe opangira ulusi, makamaka ma polypropylene micro-fibers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi macro-fibers, kutentha pafupifupi 160 ° C (320°F). Izi zimapanga maukonde a tinjira tating'onoting'ono mu konkriti. Moto ukawomba, polypropylene imasungunuka, kusiya ma pores omwe amalola kuti nthunzi ituluke. Mzerewu siwotha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma code ngati NFPA 502 chifukwa ma tunnel amisewu tsopano azindikira phindu la ulusi wa polypropylene polimbana ndi moto. Sitikungolimbikitsa kutsitsa; tikumanga mu valve yotetezera.

5. Mix Design: Kugwirizana Sichosankha

Kuphatikizira ulusi mumsewu wosakanikirana sikungotaya komanso kusokoneza. Ulusiwo umapikisana ndi kuchuluka kwa phala. Amakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Iwo amagwirizana ndi zosakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mulingo wambiri wa accelerator mu shotcrete kuti makulidwe omangika mwachangu, muyenera kusintha mlingo wanu wochepetsera madzi. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi zomangamanga umafunika kuphatikiza bwino komanso phala lapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zokutira moyenera.

Nthawi zonse timalangiza kuyendetsa gulu lotonza musanayambe kutsanulira. Onani kugawa kwa fiber. Kodi iwo akugwa? Kodi iwo omwazika mofanana? Dulani gulu lowumitsidwa ndikuyang'ana. Khulupirirani, koma tsimikizirani. Konkire yosakanizika bwino ndiyoyipa kuposa konkriti yopanda ulusi chifukwa mumaganiza kuti ilibe mphamvu yomwe ilibe.

6. Miyezo Yoyang'anira: Zomwe Muyenera Kutsatira

Miyezo yagolide yamakampani awa ndi Chithunzi cha ASTM C1550 (kuzungulira determinate panel kuyesa kwa flexural toughness) ndi MU 14889-2 (ulusi wa konkriti – ulusi wopangidwa). Kwa shotcrete, ACI 506 malangizo amaphimba fibre-reinforced shotcrete. Osavomereza zonena za opanga fiber popanda lipoti loyesa lachitatu lomwe likukwaniritsa izi. Tawonapo ogulitsa akudzinenera kuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zokhala ndi fiber yomwe imagwira movutikira 1.0 MPa ya mphamvu yotsalira. Izi sizosanjikiza. Ndiko kuwongolera kwa pulasitiki.

Za tunnel, amafuna kalasi yamphamvu yotsalira yotsalira (mwachitsanzo, 2.0 MPa kapena 3.0 MPa pakamwa potsegula pakamwa pakamwa). Manambala ndi ofunika.

7. Mtengo Wozungulira Moyo: Mkangano Weniweni Wazachuma

Inde, ulusi wopangidwa ndi zomangamanga umakwera mtengo pa paundi imodzi kuposa ulusi wachitsulo. Inde, mtengo wazinthu zam'tsogolo nthawi zina umakhala wokwera. Koma siyani. Onani mtengo wonse wa polojekiti.

• Kubwereranso kutayika: Synthetic ulusi amataya 5% mu shotcrete; chitsulo chimataya mpaka 20%. Kuti ndi ndalama mwachindunji pa chuma.
• Valani ndi kung'amba: Ulusi wopangidwa simawononga mapampu ndi mapaipi. Ulusi wachitsulo umatha zida mwachangu.
• Palibe chitetezo cha dzimbiri chofunikira: Palibe chifukwa chokulirapo. Palibe chifukwa cha zokutira zoteteza. Ulusi womwewo ndiye chitetezo.
• Chitetezo pamoto: Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito synthetics, mukhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kufunika kwa wosanjikiza osiyana chitetezo moto (ngati matailosi otsekereza moto). Izi zimapulumutsa mamiliyoni panjira yayitali.

Pangani manambala azaka 50 zakukonzanso. Zovala zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kukonzedwa 20-30 zaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri. Synthetic linings, m'malo opanda chloride, akhoza kukhala moyo wopangidwa mosavuta popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Kumeneko ndiko kusunga ndalama kwenikweni.

Malangizo Athu Amphamvu: Yesani Musanapereke

Takupatsani logic. Takupatsani mafanizo. Tsopano, tikupangira kuti muchitepo kanthu. Osamaliza kuwerenga izi ndikuganiza kuti yankho limodzi likugwirizana ndi zonse.

Lumikizanani ndi gulu lathu laukadaulo lero kuti mukambirane zaulere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tisanthula momwe polojekiti yanu ikuyendera, zoyezera moto zofunika, ndi njira yomanga. Tidzakuthandizani kusankha choyenera structural synthetic fibers for konkriti tunnel linings ndikukupatsirani mlingo, kusakaniza ndondomeko, ndi kuyesa protocol kuti mutsimikizire magwiridwe antchito.

Siyani kulosera. Yambani uinjiniya ndi ulusi woyenera. Dinani apa kuti mukonze zokambirana zanu.

Wopereka
ConcreteAndMore ndi ogulitsa odalirika padziko lonse lapansi opanga zosakaniza za konkriti zogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso mankhwala omanga.. Ndi zaka zaukadaulo wamakampani, timakhazikika popereka mayankho anzeru kuphatikiza ma polycarboxylate superplasticizers, ulusi wa konkriti, defoams, opanga thovu, ndi zida zapamwamba za airgel thermal insulation. Ngati mukufuna konkriti admixture, chonde omasuka kulankhula nafe!