Wothandizira Kuchepetsa Madzi

Madzi ochepetsera madzi ndi osakaniza omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kumwa madzi komanso kukonza kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito a konkriti.. Choyamba kuchepetsa madzi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United Kingdom m'ma 1930. Mayiko ena monga Japan ndi United States apanga luso logwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kumeneku.

Nthawi zambiri, zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi zimagwera m'magulu atatu: otsika, wapakati, ndi mkulu. Kutsika kochepa kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osakaniza ndi oposa khumi ndi awiri peresenti; wapakati amachepetsa ndi oposa makumi asanu peresenti; ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kumawonjezera kuposa khumi pa zana.

Lignosulfonates anali kalasi yoyamba ya kuchepetsa madzis. Iwo ndi osakaniza a polima electrolyte ndi madzi sungunuka multifunctional mankhwala. Mitundu iwiriyi ili ndi mphamvu yomwaza dothi ndi calcium phosphate, ndipo amathanso kumwaza matope achilengedwe ndi ayoni a zinki. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati a kuchepetsa madzi, zinthu zimenezi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ngati zoletsa madzi.

Zinthu zochepetsera madzi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi anionic surfactant. Lili ndi magawo awiri: gulu la hydrophilic ndi gulu la hydrophobic. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ena.

Sodium lignosulfonate ndi wamba kuchepetsa madzi. Lignosulfonates angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sulphonating wothandizira ndi alkali neutralizing wothandizira. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira.

Melamine ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa madzi. Melamine imapangidwa kuchokera ku sulfonating agent ndi molekyulu ya aldehydic acid. Mtundu uwu wa kuchepetsa madzi ili ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera uinjiniya wokhala ndi madzi abwino komanso olimba kwambiri.