Izithasiselo zikakhonkolo ezingasindi | Ama-ejenti Akhipha Amagwebu Asebenza Kakhulu Wokhonkolo Weselula
Uma kukhulunywa ngokhonkolo, sonke siyazi ukuthi amanzi abalulekile ukwakha ingxube esebenzayo. Kodwa, ngesinye isikhathi ukuxubana kudinga ukusebenza ngamanzi amancane kunalokhu kudingwa idizayini ejwayelekile yengxube kakhonkolo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezicaciso noma izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi njengokuthela amakholomu amade.. Kulapho isinciphisi samanzi esikhonkolo (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasticizer) angasiza.
Izinciphisi zamanzi ziyiqembu lamakhemikhali afakwa ezixubeni zikakhonkolo ukuze kusetshenziswe isilinganiso esiphansi samanzi kusimende ngaphandle kokuthikameze kabi amandla nokuqedwa.. Zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zokwakha ezihlanganisa ukhonkolo omkhulu, prestressing steel kanye nebhuloho onezitezi.
Izingxube ezivamile zokunciphisa amanzi ziyimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngama-lignosulfonates., i-hydroxycarboxylic acid noma ama-carbohydrate. Ngokuvamile bayakwazi ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhonkolo 5 ku 10% ngebanga lokuwohloka elingamayintshi angu-3 kuya ku-6 futhi kufanele lihambisane ne-ASTM C494 Uhlobo A (izingxube zokunciphisa amanzi).
Izixube zokunciphisa amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu, ebizwa nangokuthi ama-superplasticizers, bayakwazi ukukhulisa ukwehla kukakhonkolo kusuka ku-5-to-8 amayintshi futhi kufanele bahlangabezane ne-ASTMC Specification C494 Type F (amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu okunciphisa izixube). Leli qembu livame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi akhethekile njengezisekelo ezijulile noma ama-elementi asakazwa ngaphambili lapho kudingeka khona ukuwohloka okuphezulu.
Indlela eyinhloko lezi zixube ezisebenza ngayo iwukuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic. Lapho izingxube zikakhonkolo zihlangana namanzi, amashaji kagesi angafani ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende adonselana ndawonye abangele ukuthi ahlangane noma ahlangane. Izinciphisi zamanzi empeleni zinciphisa lezi zindleko ukuze zonke izinhlayiya zikasimende zibe nokushajwa okufanayo bese ziyaxoshana., ezivumela ukuthi zihlakazeke kangcono kulo lonke ukhonkolo. Lokhu kuvimbela i-agglomeration futhi kwandisa ukugeleza kukakhonkolo noma ukuwohloka.