Izixazululo Zokuqhekeka Kakhonkolo Ezinegwebu Nezincipha

Ukuncipha, ukuqhekeka nokumuncwa kwamanzi kukakhonkolo onegwebu yizinkinga ezintathu ezihlobene eduze.Ngokujwayelekile, ukhonkolo onegwebu ngenxa yokungalungiswa kahle kusenesikhathi, izindlela zokonga amanzi azanele noma esimweni sokusebenzisa izimo ziqinile, izobangela ukuhwamuka kwayo kwangaphakathi komswakama, okuholela ekuncipheni kwevolumu, ukuqhekeka noma ukumuncwa kwamanzi okubalulekile.Futhi ukhonkolo wegwebu umunca amanzi kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukunciphisa ukonga ukushisa ukushisa umphumela futhi.Kusukela ekulungiseleleni ukhonkolo onegwebu kanye nokubhekwa nokufunda engxenyeni yomzimba oqinile, kutholakala ukuthi izimbobo eziningi zikakhonkolo onegwebu ziyizimbobo ezivaliwe ezizimele. Ngakho-ke, ukhonkolo onamagwebu ogcinwe kahle ucwiliswe emanzini, futhi ukumuncwa kwawo amanzi ikakhulukazi kugxile ongqimbeni olungaphezulu, kodwa ayinakho ukumuncwa okukhulu kwamanzi.Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuncipha, ukuqhekeka nokumuncwa kwamanzi ukhonkolo onegwebu zimi kanje:

1. Umthelela womthamo usimende

Ngenqubo ye-hydration kanye nokuqina, umthamo oqinile we-Portland ojwayelekile usimende uyakhula, ngenkathi usimende + uhlelo lwamanzi luyancipha.Okwesibili, inqubo ye-hydration kasimende nayo ihambisana nomphumela oshisayo, okubangela ukwanda kwevolumu yokuqala nokupholisa kanye nokuncipha, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokuncipha okubonakalayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okwenzekayo ngawe – ukuncipha okubangelwa ukumuncwa kwamanzi ohlelweni lwe-samente hydration.Ngakho-ke, ngenjwayelo, uma ezinye izimo zifana ngokuyisisekelo, inani likasimende liyakhula, i-shrinkage ye-foam ikhonkrithi izokhula ngokufanele.Usimende ungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa amandla, ngakho-ke kukhona uhla olufanele lwesilinganiso sikasimende.

2. Umthelela wezinhlobo zikasimende

Akuwona wonke usimende ngaphambi nangemva kokuqina komthamo owukuncipha, ukunwetshwa kukasimende ngaphambi nangemva kokuqina kwevolumu akukhona ukuncipha kodwa ukunwetshwa.Ngakho-ke, uma kwamukelwa usimende wokukhulisa okufanele, ukushwabana okuphelele kukakhonkolo onegwebu kunganxeshezelwa noma kuncishiswe ngezinga elithile.Nokho, ukunwetshwa usimende akuthinti nje ukushintsha kwevolumu, kodwa futhi ithinta uchungechunge lwezinye izakhiwo, isingeniso esiningi kakhulu sizodala umonakalo esakhiweni sekhonkrithi ye-foam eqinile, ngakho-ke ukuhlukahluka kanye nomthamo wosimende wokwandisa kufanele kunqunywe ngokuhlolwa.

3. Umthelela wokuhlanganisa

Ukhonkolo onegwebu ingahlanganiswa kuphela nengxenye ye-aggregate emihle, ngenxa ye-inertia yamakhemikhali ye-aggregate, ukuxuba ngokweqile kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okuphawulekayo kwamandla okhonkolo onegwebu, ngakho okuqukethwe kwayo kulinganiselwe ngezinga elithile.Lapho ukuminyana, isilinganiso samanzi-usimende kanye neminye imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yokhonkolo ogwetshiwe inqunywa ngokuyisisekelo, inani likasimende lizokwehla njengoba i-aggregate yenhlawulo ikhula. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukukhetha okufanele phakathi kokuthi ukuxuba isamba noma cha nokuthi kungakanani.

4. Umthelela wesilinganiso sikasimende wamanzi kanye nesistimu yokonga

Isilinganiso sokubumba samanzi-samente kakhonkolo wegwebu ngokuvamile siphezulu njenge 0.7 noma ngisho 0.8, futhi amanzi ngokweqile azohlala ezimbotsheni zekhonkrithi ye-foam eqinile, ebalelwa mayelana 50% lamanzi abumbayo.Uma umswakama ophakathi nendawo uphansi noma izinga lokushisa lendawo liphezulu, amanzi ayahwamuka futhi abaleke.Ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqala sokuqina, ukwakheka kukakhonkolo onegwebu kusebuthakathaka, uma isondlo singesihle, ukulahlekelwa amanzi kulula kakhulu, okuholela ekushwabaneni okukhulu nokuqhekeka kwendawo, nciphisa ukwakheka kwangaphakathi komzimba oqina, okuholela ekumunceni okuphezulu kwamanzi kokhonkolo wegwebu oqinile.Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokuqala sikasimende wamanzi kakhonkolo onegwebu siba umbandela wokuncipha kukakhonkolo onegwebu oqinile..Enye yezindlela eziyisihluthulelo zokulungisa ukhonkolo onegwebu onciphayo ophansi ukulawula isilinganiso sikasimende samanzi aphansi.

5. Indlela yobuchwepheshe yokunciphisa ukushwabana nokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo onegwebu

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okungenhla, izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukushwabana, vimbela ukuqhekeka nokumuncwa kwamanzi kokhonkolo wegwebu ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

(1) isilinganiso esifanele sikasimende;

(2) engeza usimende wokukhulisa ofanele;

(3) isilinganiso esiphansi sokubumba samanzi nosimende;

(4) ukwandisa uhlelo lokulungisa futhi uqinise ukongiwa kwamanzi kusenesikhathi;

(5) sebenzisa i-ejenti engangeni manzi (ukuxuba noma ukumboza phezulu).

I-Cie-China.org ingumhlinzeki oholayo wezithasiselo zikakhonkolo wegwebu ohlinzeka nge-ejenti yokugwedla ukhonkolo, superplasticizer,isithuthukisi samandla kakhonkolo wegwebu kukhonkolo ongasindi, Amabhulokhi e-CLC. Uma ufuna superplasticizer, sicela ukhululeke Xhumana nathi.