Izithasiselo zikakhonkolo ezingasindi | Ama-ejenti Akhipha Amagwebu Asebenza Kakhulu Wokhonkolo Weselula
Ucele impendulo eqondile, ngakho nakhu: Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhuma kweziqhumane kukhonkolo ephikisayo ngaphansi kokushisisa ngokushesha, i-polypropylene fiber ingumnqobi ocacile phezu kwe-fiber yensimbi ezinhlelweni ezibucayi kakhulu.
Sonke sikhona. Uthela ulwelwesi oluphikisayo lwesithando somlilo, umhubhe, noma umkhumbi we-reactor. Kudlula ukucindezela okubandayo amandla test. Konke kubukeka kuphelele. Bese uyishisa okokuqala, futhi bang. Isiqephu sikakhonkolo siqhuma sisuka phezulu. Lokho ukuqhuma okuqhumayo, futhi akuyona nje inkathazo. Kuyingozi yokuphepha kanye nokwehluleka okubizayo. Sikubonile kwenzeka ezindaweni zokusebenza, futhi siwuzwile lowomuzwa wokugula eziswini zethu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, akufanele siphile naleyo ngozi. Isixazululo sitholakala ekukhetheni i-fiber efanele, nokuqonda ukuthi kungani uhlobo oluthile lusebenza lapho olunye luhluleka khona.
Ake sikhulume ngomshini kuqala, ngoba kuyisisekelo sakho konke okunye. Lapho ubeka ukhonkolo ophikisayo ekushiseni okukhulu, amanzi avaleleke ngaphakathi kwezimbotshana aphenduka abe isitimu. Ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwanele, leso simusi asikwazi ukuphunyuka ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ingcindezi iyakhula ngaphakathi kuze kube yilapho ukhonkolo uzihlukanisa ngokoqobo. Yilapho i-polypropylene fiber ye-anti-spalling kukhonkolo ephikisayo ithola khona idumela layo. Le micu iyancibilika nxazonke 160 degrees Celsius, eside ngaphambili ukhonkolo ufinyelela emazingeni okushisa abucayi. Njengoba zincibilika, bashiya ngemuva inethiwekhi yamashaneli amancane kakhulu. Lezi ziteshi zisebenza njengama-valve okunciphisa ukucindezeleka, okuvumela umusi ukuthi uphume ngokungenabungozi. Imicu yensimbi, Ngokolunye uhlangothi, ungancibiliki. Bahlale phansi, ukuqhuba ukushisa kanye namandla okwenza amabhuloho ashisayo, kodwa ungenzi lutho ukukhulula umfutho we-steam wangaphakathi. Empeleni, kwezinye izimo, imicu yensimbi ingenza kube kubi nakakhulu ukuchitheka kwegazi ngokudala ukugxila kokucindezeleka.
Manje, asingene kokusebenza ukuqhathanisa. Sisebenze ngazo zombili izinhlobo, futhi sibone idatha evela kuvivinyo lwenkambu eminingi. Nakhu ukuwohloka kwefayibha ye-polypropylene yokunqanda ukuchitheka kokhonkolo ophikisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nefayibha yensimbi, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile kanye nomqondo ojwayelekile.
Icala le-Polypropylene Fiber
Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu, njengoba sishilo nje, ikhono layo lokudala leyo nethiwekhi yezimbotshana zomhlatshelo. Kuyiqhinga lesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa yisu kanye elidingayo ngesikhathi sokushisa okubalulekile kokuqala. Kucabange njenge-fuse evunguzayo ukuze ivikele yonke ingxenye yesekethe. Ibanga elijwayelekile lemithamo le-anti-spalling elisebenzayo liphakathi 0.1% futhi 0.3% ngevolumu. Sikutholile lokho 0.15% ku 0.2% iyindawo emnandi yama-refractory amaningi aminyene. Hamba ngezansi 0.1%, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yokungadali i-porosity eyanele exhunyiwe. Hamba phezulu 0.3%, futhi uqala ukubona imbuyiselo enciphayo ngezindleko ezengeziwe kanye nezinkinga zokusebenza. Okunye okuhlanganisa okuyinhloko ukuthi imicu ye-polypropylene ayikuhambisi ukushisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi alikho ibhuloho elishisayo engxenyeni kakhonkolo. Odongeni lwesithando somlilo, lokho kubalulekile. Ufuna ubuso obubandayo buhlale bubanda, nobuso obushisayo ku vikela. Imicu yensimbi ingakha indlela eqondile yokushisa, ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi okungenzeka kulimaze igobolondo.
Kukhona ne-corrosion factor. Imicu yensimbi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinama-chloride noma ama-sulfate, ingagqwala. Ukugqwala kuyanda, futhi lokho kwandiswa kungaqhekeza i-refractory kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Sibone isithando somlilo sonke linings delaminate ngenxa yemicu yensimbi egqwalile. I-polypropylene fiber ye-anti-spalling kukhonkolo ephikisayo ayisebenzi ngokuphelele. Ayigqwali, akusabeli nama-asidi, ama-alkali, noma yiliphi ikhemikhali elitholakala endaweni evamile yezimboni. Lokho kuthula kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Singakhohlwa mayelana nokuqina nokulawula ukuqhekeka. Nakuba imicu ye-polypropylene ingaqinile njengensimbi, zinikeza ukulawula okuhle kakhulu kwangemuva kokuqhekeka. Babamba ukhonkolo ndawonye ngemva kwamafomu okuqala okuqhekeka, ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingaqhekeki. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-shotcrete ze-tunnel linings, lapho ukunyakaza komhlabathi kungabangela ukuqhekeka okuncane. Imicu igcina leyo mifantu iqinile futhi ivimbela ukuba ingande.
Ama-Drawbacks Athembekile we-Polypropylene Fiber
Asizile ukuze sikudayisele okuthile. Silapha ukuze sikusize wenze isinqumo esifanele. Ngakho-ke masibe qotho mayelana ne-downsides. Okusobala kakhulu yizindleko. Ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-polypropylene fibers, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-fibrillated noma ze-monofilament eziklanyelwe ukuhlakazeka okuhle, zibiza kakhulu ngephawundi ngalinye kunemicu yensimbi. Nokho, usebenzisa umthamo ophansi kakhulu (0.2% ngevolumu vs. 1-2% okwensimbi), ngakho-ke izindleko eziphelele nge-cubic yadi ngayinye zivame ukuqhathaniswa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho naphansi. Inkinga enkulu wukusebenza. Ukwengeza imicu ye-polypropylene kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuwohloka. Bandisa i-viscosity kakhonkolo omusha, okwenza kube nzima ukupompa nokubeka. Cishe uzodinga ukulungisa umthamo wakho we-superplasticizer ukuze unxephezele. Sifunde kanzima ukuthi ukwengeza imicu ngaphandle kokulungisa isinciphisi samanzi kuyindlela yokuqina, inhlanganisela engasebenzi ephumela empompini.
Ukufakwa kwe-fiber, noma ibhola, elinye iphupho elibi. Uma ulahla sonke isikhwama ku-mixer ngesikhathi esisodwa, uzogcina unesiphithiphithi samabhola efiber azungezwe ukhonkolo owomile. Iqhinga liwukwengeza imicu kancane kancane, okungcono kumxube owomile, futhi uqinisekise isikhathi esanele sokuxuba. I-fiber ehlakazeke kahle ayibonakali ekuxubeni. Umuntu ohlakazekile kabi ukonakala kwesakhiwo okulindelwe ukwenzeka. Futhi, sibhekane nenkinga yamandla ayinsalela. Ngemva kokusha kwe-polypropylene fibers, sebehambile. Usele nesikhala. Ku-refractory eminyene, lokhu kunganciphisa amandla okucindezela nokuguquguqukayo nge 10% ku 20%. Ingabe lokho kuyinkinga? Kuya ngesicelo. Okokusetshenziswa okukodwa kokushisa noma ulayini oluzoshiswa ngemuva komlilo wokuqala, ukulahlekelwa kuvame ukwamukeleka ngenxa yokuthi isibopho se-ceramic esakhayo ngesikhathi se-sintering singaba ngaphezu kokunxephezela. Kodwa ngohlelo lokusebenza olubandayo lwemishini, lapho i-refractory idinga ukubamba isimo namandla ayo ngemva komcimbi womlilo, labo voids kuwubuthakathaka.
Enye into futhi: ukusebenza okulinganiselwe ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu. Sibone osonkontileka bezama ukonga imali besebenzisa 0.05% i-fiber. Ayenzi cishe lutho. Iziteshi ziqhelelene kakhulu ukuthi zingaxhumeka. Udinga umkhawulo omncane ukuze udale inethiwekhi ye-percolating yezimbotshana. Uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela umthamo osebenzayo, kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-fiber futhi uthembele kokunensa kakhulu, isimiso sokushisa esilawulwayo. Kodwa lelo hlelo libiza isikhathi nemali futhi.
Lapho I-Steel Fiber Inengqondo
Asifuni ukugeza imicu yensimbi. Banendawo yabo. Uma okukukhathazayo okuyinhloko kuwukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini, futhi spalling kuwukukhathazeka okwesibili, insimbi iyisinqumo esingcono. Cabanga ngephansi eliphikisayo emshinini wokugaya insimbi, ngaphansi komthelela onzima osuka ezitsheni eziwayo. Izintambo zensimbi zinikeza ukuqina kwangempela namandla okuguquguquka. Amafayibha e-polypropylene ayevele achotshozwe futhi adabuke. Ngokufanayo, kumajamo aphikisayo angaphambili okufanele aphathwe futhi athuthwe, imicu yensimbi ikunikeza amandla aluhlaza okusinda lapho udilizwa futhi uphakanyiswa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Kodwa nge-anti-spalling ngaphansi kokushisa okusheshayo, imicu yensimbi ayibambeli kahle. Abadali i-porosity, benza ukushisa, futhi ziyagqwala. Sibone amaphaneli okuhlola lapho ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber yensimbi ugoqeke khona ngodlame, kuyilapho iphaneli yefayibha ye-polypropylene eseduze yasinda injalo. Iphrothokholi yokuhlola ye-RILEM TC 200-HTC yokuchayeka emlilweni ikwenza kucace lokhu. Uma udizayina ukumelana nomlilo-njengakulayini womhubhe noma i-nuclear container-steel fiber iyodwa akusona isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa sokunqanda ukuchitheka.. Udinga isistimu ye-pore yomhlatshelo engahlinzeka nge-polypropylene kuphela.
Isicelo Esiwusizo: Ukuthola Kahle
Ngakho-ke siyisebenzisa kanjani ngempela i-polypropylene fiber ukuze i-anti-spalling kukhonkolo ephikisayo ngaphandle kokuyigoqa? Okokuqala, khetha ubude befiber obufanele. Sikutholile lokho 6 mm kwe 12 ama-mm fibers asebenza kahle kakhulu ezixubeni eziningi. Amafayibha amade ayaphithana kanye nebhola. Imicu emifushane ayivali imifantu ngokuphumelelayo. Okwesibili, engeza imicu ku-aggregate eyomile bese usimende kuqala, ngaphambi kokungeza amanzi. Hlanganisa okungenani imizuzu emibili ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlakazeka okufanayo. Bese wengeza amanzi akho kanye ne-superplasticizer. Uzodinga isilinganiso esiphezulu se-superplasticizer kunokuvamile. Hlela ngakho. Okwesithathu, hlola imiksi yakho. Yenza i-batch encane, phonsa ama-cubes ambalwa, futhi uhlole isisindo seyunithi nokuqukethwe komoya. Imicu ye-polypropylene ivame ukufaka umoya othile. Ungase udinge ukulungisa i-defoamer yakho noma i-ejenti evimbela umoya uma okuqukethwe komoya kuba phezulu kakhulu (ngenhla 6-8%).
Siphinde sincoma ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamafayibha kwezinye izimo. Isistimu ye-hybrid: inani elincane le-fiber yensimbi (0.5% ngevolumu) ngokuqina kwesakhiwo, futhi 0.15% i-polypropylene fiber ye-anti-spalling. Lokhu kukunikeza okungcono kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba, kodwa iyindlela ebiza kakhulu. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, nakuba, i-refractory ethafeni eklanywe kahle nge 0.2% i-polypropylene fiber yikho konke okudingayo. Sikubalule lokhu kuma-tunnel linings kumaphrojekthi we-metro, kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwezishisi zombhede ezimanzi, kanye nesistimu yokupholisa eyinhloko yezimo eziphuthumayo ekuvinjweni kwe-nuclear reactor. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukushisa kokuqala kwakungajwayelekile. Akukho spalling. Ayikho imifantu. Lowo ngumphumela sonke esiwufunayo.
Esinye isibonelo somhlaba wangempela: sabonisana ngomsebenzi wemboni enkulu ye-petrochemical lapho kwakukhona isitaki se-flare ene-refractory. Umklamo wangempela awuzange usebenzise imicu, futhi kwakudingeka balandele isimiso sokushisa samahora angu-72 ukuze bagweme ukusabalala. Ngemva koshintsho olukhulu, bashintshele ekuhlanganiseni ne 0.2% i-polypropylene fiber. Banqamula isimiso sokushisa ukuze 12 amahora. Ukonga kuphethiloli nesikhathi sokuphumula kukhokhwe amafayibha izikhathi eziyikhulu. Lolo uhlobo lwenzuzo ebonakalayo eyenza ukukhetha kube lula.
Ekupheleni kosuku, umbuzo awukona ukuthi 'iyiphi i-fiber engcono ngokujwayelekile?’ 'Yiyiphi i-fiber exazulula inkinga yami ethile?’ Uma inkinga yakho kuwukuqhunyiswa kwe-spalling ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, impendulo icacile. I-polypropylene fiber ye-anti-spalling kukhonkolo ephikisayo iyithuluzi lakho. Ayiphelele. Kubiza imali, kudinga ukuxutshwa ngokucophelela, futhi kunciphisa amandla abandayo. Kodwa kuyasebenza. Futhi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, lokho kwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inzuzo yethiyori yenye indlela eshibhile noma enamandla. Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo lapho ubhala ukucaciswa noma ubuyekeza umklamo wokuhlanganisa, ungamane uzenze insimbi ngoba kungokwesiko. Zibuze: ngidinga ukuvimbela spalling, noma ngidinga ukuthwala umthwalo osindayo? Uma iphuma, uyazi ukuthi iyiphi i-fiber okufanele uyikhethe.
Umphakeli
I-ConcreteAndMore ingumphakeli othembekile womhlaba wonke wezixube zikakhonkolo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namakhemikhali okwakha.. Ngeminyaka yobungcweti bemboni, sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni izixazululo ezintsha ezihlanganisa i-polycarboxylate superplasticizers, imicu kakhonkolo, ama-defoams, amagwebu, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-airgel ethuthukisiwe yokushisa ukushisa. Uma unentshisekelo ku-concrete admixture, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi!