Li-additives tsa Konkreite tse bobebe | Li-Agents tse Foaming tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa bakeng sa Konkreite ea Cellular
Foromi Ea Hanneng ho Khaotsa ho Tšela
Ke ile ka shebella foromane e 'ngoe ea Frankfurt e koala sekhechana 2018. Motsoako o ne o shebahala hantle ka har'a teraka. Empa tlhahlobo ea J-ring e boletse pale e fapaneng. E ile ea thiba ka ho feletseng. Basebetsi ba ile ba qeta lihora tse tšeletseng ba ntse ba otla konkreite ka har'a mekotla. Theko? € 18,000 mosebetsing le nako e sa lekanyetsoang. Motso oa sesosa e ne e le khetho e mpe superplasticizer agent bakeng sa SCC e iketsetsang konkreite. E ne e se na tšitiso e matla e hlokahalang bakeng sa samente eo ea sebaka seo. Phoso e le nngwe polymer, mme o lahleheloa ke letsatsi.
Sena ha se seoelo. Baenjiniere ba bangata ba ntse ba tšoara superplasticizer e le ntho e bonolo metsi mofokodisi. Ha se. Ke enjene ea rheological ea SCC. E fosahetse, mme o fumana kgethollo. E fumane hantle, 'me u ka tšela morung oa ho matlafatsa ntle le vibrator e le' ngoe.
1. Ho hlalosa Sebata: Seo SCC e se Batlang
Boiketsi ba ho itsoakanya konkreite (SCC) e tlameha ho fana ka lintho tse tharo tse hanyetsanang tse ncha ka nako e le 'ngoe:
- Bokhoni ba ho tlatsa: Motsoako o tlameha ho phalla sekhutlong se seng le se seng ka tlas'a boima ba eona.
- Bokgoni ba ho feta: E tlameha ho tsamaisa likheo tse thata lipakeng tsa li-rebar ntle le ho thibela.
- Khanyetso ya karohano: E tlameha ho lula e le homogeneous. Ha ho na mali. Ha ho mahoashe a aggregate ho rarolla.
U ke ke ua finyella tsena tse tharo ntle le mabifi boemo bo phahameng metsi mofokodisi. Ke eona superplasticizer. Empa ha se li-superplasticizers tsohle tse lekanang. Khetho e laola hore na SCC ea atleha kapa ea hloleha.
2. Mokhoa oa Ts'ebetso: Electrostatic vs. Tšitiso ea Steric
Li-superplasticizer tsa khale li itšetlehile ka electrostatic repulsion. Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) le sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) sebetsa ka ho fa makumane a samente ka tefiso e mpe. Ba tebelana. Metsi a koaletsoeng pakeng tsa lihlopha aa lokolloa. Slump ea eketseha.
Seo se sebetsa - ho fihlela se sa sebetse. Electrostatic repulsion e fokola. E oela ka pel'a li-ion tsa sulfate tse tsoang gypsum. E boetse e senyeha ka potlako ha nako e ntse e ea.
Polycarboxylate ether ea sejoale-joale (PCE) li-superplasticizers li sebetsa ka tsela e itseng tšitiso ea steric. Liketane tse telele tsa mahlakoreng li tloha mokokotlong oa polymer. Ba sutumetsa likaroloana tsa samente ho arohana. Sebaka sena sa mechine se matla ho feta. Liteko li bontša PCE e boloka metsi bakeng sa 60-90 metsotso, ha SNF e lahleheloa 50% oela ka hare 30 metsotso.
Bakeng sa SCC, tšitiso ea steric e tlama. Mokelikeli o tlameha ho tsoela pele ka lipalangoang le ho behoa.
3. Sefahleho sa Chemistry: Mefuta ea li-agent tsa Superplasticizer
| Mofuta | Mokhoa | SCC Ho lekana | Slump Retention | Sensitivity ea Sulfate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNF (Naphthalene) | Motlakase | Tlase (poloko e fokolang) | Mafutsana (30-45 min) | Phahameng |
| SMF (Melamine) | Motlakase | Tlase (ho putlama ho hoholo) | Mafutsana (20-30 min) | E itekanetseng |
| PCE (Polycarboxylate) | Tšitiso ea steric | E kgabane | E ntle (60-90+ min) | Tlase |
| PCE e fetotsoeng | Steric + tokollo e liehang | E ikhethang | E kgabane (120+ min) | Tlase Haholo |
Lintlha li hlakile. Bakeng sa ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe ea bohlokoa ea SCC, Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho PCE ke maemo a indasteri. “Basebelisi ba bangata ba Reddit ba sebetsang ka precast ba netefalitse hore ho tloha ho naphthalene ho ea ho PCE ho fokotsa litefiso tsa bona tsa ho hana ka ho feta 40%,” e tlalehile moenjiniere e mong oa meralo sebokeng sa theknoloji.
4. Ntlafatso ea litekanyetso: Sebaka sa Goldilocks
Tekanyetso ha se ntho e sa reng letho. A superplasticizer agent bakeng sa SCC e iketsetsang konkreite e tlameha ho aroloa ka likarolo tse tharo:
- Khemistri ea samente: Litaba tse phahameng tsa C3A li ja PCE ka potlako. C3A e tlase e eketsa metsi. A 5% phetoho ho C3A e ka batla a 0.2% phetoho ea tekanyo ea PCE.
- Likahare tsa metsi: SCC e hlokolosi. Metsi a feteletseng a putlama viscosity. Metsi a sa lekaneng a thibela ho hasana. Rekisa karo-karolelano ea metsi ho ea ho phofo ea 0.85 ho 1.10 ka bophahamo ba modumo.
- Mocheso: Ka 35°C, Tlhokahalo ea PCE e ka eketseha ka 30% ha e bapisoa le 20°C. Lithempereichara tse phahameng li potlakisa metsi a samente, ho ja polima kapele.
Sebaka se bolokehileng bakeng sa liakhente tse ngata tsa PCE ho SCC ke 0.8% ho 1.8% ka boima ba samente. Ka tlase 0.8%, o hloka phallo. Ka holimo 1.8%, u ipeha kotsing tekanyo e feteletseng. Tekanyo e feteletseng e baka karohano, moo peista le aggregate decouple. E boetse e lieha ho beha. Likonteraka tse 'maloa li tlalehile tieho ea lihora tse 24 ka 2.5% PCE. Seo se hloka nako le chelete.
5. Tšebelisano le Metsoako e meng: Phello ea Cocktail
SCC ha se hangata e itšetlehang ka motsoako o le mong. Superplasticizer e tlameha ho sebetsa le eona:
- Lisebelisoa tse fetolang viscosity (Li-VMA): Tsena li thibela ho tsoa mali le ho arohana. Ba eketsa viscosity ea polasetiki. Superplasticizer e tlameha ho lefella phaello eo ea viscosity. Ho kopanya ho fokolang ho lebisa ho motsoako o phallang empa o tsoa mali.
- Bahlaseli: E tloaelehileng ha ho chesa. Li-retarders li eketsa nako ea hydration induction. Li boetse li eketsa nako ea ts'ebetso ea superplasticizer. Empa overdose ea retarder e ka baka linako tse behiloeng tsa lihora tse 48.
- Li-accelerator: Tsena li hanyetsana le PCE. Li-accelerator li sebelisa metsi 'me li etsa hore ho be le metsi a pele. Sena se oela ka potlako. E-ba hlokolosi. Li-accelerator tse ling li ka fokotsa bophelo bo sebetsang ba superplasticizer ka 50%.
6. Rheology: Yield Stress vs. Viscosity
Superplasticizer e hlasela haholo-holo fana ka khatello. E fokotsa matla a hlokahalang ho qala ho phalla. Ke ka lebaka leo SCC e phallang tlas'a boima ba eona. Empa ha e ame ka ho lekana viscosity ea polasetiki, e laolang hore na konkreite e phalla kapele hakae le hore na e dula e tsitsitse.
SCC e ntlafalitsoeng hantle e na le:
- Khatello e tlase ea chai (tlasa 50 Pa)
- Viscosity ea polasetiki e laoloang (20 ho 100 Pa·s)
Ho senyeha ha superplasticizer ho fana ka khatello ho zero, empa viscosity le eona e ea theoha. Aggregate ea teba. Sephetho: qubu e arohaneng ya lehlohlojane le peista. Tokiso ke ho fokotsa litekanyetso kapa ho eketsa VMA ho khutlisetsa viscosity.
7. Mekhoa e Tloaelehileng ea Teko: Bopaki ka Laboratoring
U ke ke ua tšepa superplasticizer ntle le netefatso. Indasteri e amohela liteko tse hlano tsa mantlha:
| Teko | Seo E se Lekang | Sepheo sa SCC |
|---|---|---|
| Phallo ea Slump | Bokhoni ba ho tlatsa (bophara ba bophara) | 600-750 mm |
| Nako ea T50 | Viscosity (nako ea ho fihla 500 mm) | 2-5 metsotsoana |
| J-Ring | Bokgoni ba ho feta (mohato o thibelang) | 0-10 bophahamo ba mohato mm |
| V-Funnel | Viscosity le botsitso | 6-12 metsotsoana |
| L-Lebokose | Bokgoni ba ho feta (karo-karolelano ea ho thibela) | 0.8-1.0 (H2/H1) |
Haeba motsoako oa hau o feta ho putlama empa o hloleha ho J-ring, superplasticizer feela ha ea lekana. U hloka VMA kapa liphetoho ho phallo ea kakaretso.
8. Ho Batching ka Sebetsa le Taolo ea Boleng
Ho kopanya tatelano ho bohlokoa. Superplasticizer e lokela ho eketsoa ka mor'a hore metsi le samente li kopane pele. Ho e kenyelletsa kapele haholo ka samente e omeletseng ho ka baka ho beha ha flash lik'hemik'hale tse ling. E eketsoa morao haholo (ka mor'a hore motsoako o tletse ka ho feletseng) e fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ho hasana.
Tatelano e tlwaelehileng:
- Kenya li-coarse le li-aggregates tse ntle.
- Eketsa 80% ea ho kopanya metsi.
- Eketsa samente le thepa ea tlatsetso ea samente.
- Kopanya bakeng sa 30 metsotsoana.
- Kenya le superplasticizer agent bakeng sa SCC e iketsetsang konkreite le tse setseng 20% metsi.
- Kopanya bonyane ba 60 metsotsoana.
Sebakeng seo, etsa tlhahlobo ea phallo ea ho putlama nako le nako 30 metsotso. Sheba T50. Haeba phallo ea slump e theoha ka tlase 550 mm, u se ke ua eketsa metsi. Kenya tekanyo e nyane ea superplasticizer (0.1-0.2%) le remix bakeng sa 60 metsotsoana. Ho eketsa metsi ho senya tekanyo ea samente ea metsi le ho senya matla.
9. Melemo ea Precast le Congested Reinforcement
Bahlahisi ba Precast ba rata SCC hobane e felisa ho thothomela. Seo se fokotsa lerata, mosebetsi, le ho apara hlobo. Libaka tse matlafatsoang tse nang le 30 mm sebaka se hlakileng pakeng tsa mekoallo-e fetoha botsoalle. Superplasticizer e etsa hore sena se khonehe.
Phuputso e le 'ngoe ea lerako la lerako e bontšitse hore ho sebelisa PCE-based SCC ho fokotsa nako ea ho beoa ka 60% le ho felisoa 100% ea bofokoli ba khekhe ea linotsi ha e bapisoa le konkreite e tloaelehileng e sisinyehang. Chelete ea litšenyehelo bakeng sa superplasticizer e ile ea fokotsoa ke ho bolokoa ha basebetsi.
10. Moshoelella: Samente e Tlase, Ts'ebetso e ts'oanang
The superplasticizer e lumella karo-karolelano e tlase ea samente ea metsi. Seo se eketsa matla. Empa basebetsi ba bohlale ba sebelisa sena ho fokotsa litaba tsa samente ho fapana le hoo. Motsoako le 0.35 w/c ho sebelisa SCC ho fihlela matla a tšoanang a matsatsi a 28 joalo ka a 0.45 w/c motsoako o tloaelehileng. U ka liha samente ka 15-20% ntle le ho lahleheloa ke tshebetso. Tšusumetso ea tikoloho e bohlokoa.
Mosebelisi a le mong oa Reddit UK o tlaleha: “Re fetohetse ho PCE superplasticizer bakeng sa SCC ea rona. Khaola samente ka 30 kg/m³. Khabone e ile ea theoha 15%. 'Me sekhahla sa rona sa ho hana se ile sa tloha 7% ho ea tlase ho 1%.”
Superplasticizer ha se litšenyehelo. Ke letsete la ho tšepahala, lebelo, le botsitso.
Ho Khetha Setsi se Nepahetseng sa Superplasticizer bakeng sa Motsoako oa Hao oa SCC
Moralo oa hau oa motsoako o ikhethile. Ha ho samente tse peli tse sebetsang ka tsela e tšoanang. Ha ho likarolo tse peli tsa lehlabathe tse tšoanang. Lekola superplasticizer ea hau ka lisebelisoa tsa hau tse ikhethileng. Matha J-ring le V-funnel. Se ke oa itšetleha ka datha e akaretsang.
Leka pele. Fetola ea bobeli. Tšela boraro. Ke molao oo.
Mofani
ConcreteAndMore ke morekisi ea tšepahalang oa lefats'e ka bophara oa metsoako ea konkreite e sebetsang hantle haholo le lik'hemik'hale tsa kaho.. Ka lilemo tsa botsebi ba indasteri, Re sebetsa ka thata ho fana ka litharollo tse ncha tse kenyelletsang li-superplasticizers tsa polycarboxylate, likhoele tsa konkreite, defoamers, ho phophomang malwetse, le lihlahisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa airgel thermal insulation. Haeba u thahasella motsoako oa konkreite, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le rona!