Saamiga Walxaha Kala Duwan ee Dhismaha Xumbada

1. Saamiga sibidhka

Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee ceeriin ee la taaban karo xumbo waa sibidh. Sababtoo ah shubka xumbo leh ayaa inta badan lagu daaweeyaa heerkulka qolka, iyo xaddi badan oo xumbo ah ayaa lagu daraa, Labadan arrimood ayaa go'aaminaya saamiga sibidhka sare. Tani waxay asal ahaan ka duwan tahay shubka hawada la sii daayay. Sababo la xiriira shubka hawada sare ka kacay, waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay falcelinta fuuq-celinta ee dambaska dukhsiga iyo lime ee kulayl sare iyo cadaadis si ay u soo saarto gelation, sibidhkuna waa caawiye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka shubka xumbo lagu soo saaro heerkulka qolka, Isku-darka-yar-yar ee firfircoon si dhakhso ah uma soo saari doono falcelinta fuuq-celinta, iyo xumbodeeda adag ayaa wali ku xidhan saamaynta sibidhka ee sibidhka. Sidaa darteed, saamiga isku dhafka ah ee shubka xumbo waa inuu ahaadaa sibidh sida jidhka ugu weyn, iyo Saamiga sibidhka oo sarreeya. Xaaladaha caadiga ah, qaddarka sibidhka waa in lagu xisaabtamaa 50% ku 100% tirada guud ee alaabta qalalan, iyo 50% waa inay ahaataa xadka ugu hooseeya ee daawaynta heerkulka caadiga ah. Marka lagu shubayo goobta, saamiga sibidhka waa in lagu xisaabtamaa in ka badan 80% ee wadarta alaabta qalalan. Heerkulka caadiga ah shubka xumbo leh cufnaanta hoose 600 kg/m3, saamiga sibidhka waa inaanu ka yarayn 70% ee wadarta walxaha. Marka cufnaanta hoose 400 kg/m3, saamiga heerkulka qolka waa in lagu xisaabtamaa in ka badan 90% ee wadarta walxaha qalalan, la door bidayo 100%.

Saamiga sibidhka hooseeya waa inuu ku salaysan yahay dhismaha hubinta xoogga alaabta, iyo saamiga sibidhka waa in la dhimaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo la kulanka waxqabadka wax soo saarka. Waa la dhimi karaa inta suurtogalka ah, iyo xasiloonida inta lagu jiro shubanka (shubid) waa in la tixgeliyo. Waxa ku jira sibidhka oo aad u hooseeya waxa ay sababi doontaa burbur. Aan ka leexan karin shuruudaha farsamada si loo yareeyo saamiga sibidhka.

Naqshadaynta saamiga sibidhka waa inay tixgelisaa arrimahan soo socda:

① Nooca sibidhka. Noocyada sibidhka oo leh xoog hore iyo goor dambe (sida sibidhka Portland-dual-degdega ah) waxay si habboon u dhimi kartaa saamiga sibidhka, iyo noocyada sibidhka ee leh awoodda dambe ee hoose ama xoogga hore ee hooseeya waa inay kordhiyaan saamiga sibidhka;

② Heerka xoogga sibidhka. Sibidhka darajada sare wuxuu yarayn karaa qaddarka saamiga, iyo sibidhka heerka hooseeya waa inuu kordhiyaa qaddarkiisa;

③ Tayada sibidhka. Sibidhka foornada qalalan ee cusub ee caanka ah ee warshado waaweyn, saamiga si habboon ayaa loo dhimi karaa, halka saamiga sibidhka leh xaddi badan oo sibidh toosan ama walxaha isku dhafan waa in si habboon loo kordhiyo;

④ Cufnaanta iyo shuruudaha xoogga alaabta. Cufnaanta hoose ama shuruudaha xoogga sare waa inay kordhiyaan saamiga sibidhka, cufnaanta sare ama shuruudaha xoogga hoose waxay yareyn kartaa saamiga sibidhka;

⑤ Heerkulka kobaca hore. Heerkulka hore ee daaweynta ka dib marka la shubo (shubid) wuu hooseeyaa (<25°C). The proportion of cement should be increased. When the initial curing temperature is high (25℃～45℃), saamiga sibidhka si habboon ayaa loo dhimi karaa. Haddii uumiga lagu daweeyo ama autoclave la isticmaalo, weli way adag tahay in la yareeyo saamiga sibidhka;

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⑥ Kala duwanaanshaha iyo waxqabadka isku-darka-yar ee firfircoon (isku darka). Isticmaalka dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee isku-darka-yar-yar ayaa yarayn kara saamiga sibidhka (sida ultra-fine slag), iyada oo la adeegsanayo isku-darka-yar-yar ee dhaqdhaqaaqa hooseeya (sida dambaska duqsiga sare) waxay kordhin kartaa saamiga sibidhka.

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2. Saamiga isku-darka-yar ee firfircoon

Marka lagu daaweynayo heerkulka qolka, gaar ahaan heerkulka hooseeya, ma aha in la nashqadeeyo ama aan ka yarayn qaabaynta qaacidada, sababtoo ah waxay saamaysaa goobta bilowga ah ee slurry. Haddii qiyaasta ay badan tahay, waxay keeni kartaa burbur. Guud ahaan, Ku darida microaggregates firfircoon oo leh maadada sibidhka oo ka yar 10% saameyn weyn kuma laha xinjirowga dhiigga waana la qiyaasi karaa. Xilliga xagaaga wax soo saarka heerkulka caadiga ah, saamiga isku dhafka ugu sarreeya wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 30% ee sibidhka. Inta lagu jiro daaweynta uumiga, saamiga isku dhafka ugu sarreeya wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 60% ee sibidhka. Saamiga wuxuu la xiriiraa nooca wadarta-yar-yar ee firfircoon. Marka la isticmaalayo slag Marka budada, qiimaha sare waa la isticmaali karaa; marka dambaska duqsiga fasalka koowaad la isticmaalo, qiimaha dhexe waa la isticmaali karaa; marka fasalka labaad ee dambaska duqsiga la isticmaalo, qiimaha ugu hooseeya waa la isticmaali karaa. Marka lagu daro wax-yaraynta waxtarka sare leh, waxay sidoo kale u kordhin kartaa si habboon.

Dhismaha xumbo-samaynta guud ahaan kuma habboona isku-darka-yar-yar ee firfircoon ee mugga weyn, sababtoo ah inta badan waxaa lagu dhisay heerkulka qolka, waxaana jira arrimo kale oo badan oo saameeya xasilloonida daadinta dareeraha. Sidaa darteed, Qadarka ugu badan ee isku-darka-yar ee firfircoon waa in loo qaabeeyaa inuu ka yaraado 20% ee sibidhka.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo dhimista kharashka, wax soosaarayaal badan ayaa inta badan raba inay isticmaalaan qadar badan oo isku-darka-yar oo firfircoon, gaar ahaan dambaska duulista, taas oo aan weli ku filnayn in lagu daro 50% ee wadarta guud ee alaabta qalalan, Taas oo aan ku suurto gal ahayn daawaynta heerkulka caadiga ah. Way adag tahay in la dammaanad qaado shubista deggan (shubid). Waxa jiray warbixino iyo waraaqo ku saabsan heerkulka qolka shubka xumbo ka samaysan oo ay ku jirto xaddi badan oo dambas duqsi ah (ka badan 50% wadarta guud ee saamiga walxaha qalalan), laakiin marka loo eego khibradeena, tani ma fududa in lagu gaadho heerkulka qolka.

3. Saamiga wadarta guud ee khafiifka ah

Isku-darka miisaanka khafiifka ah waxaa lagu gartaa borosity-sare oo sidaas darteed heerarka nuugista biyaha sarreeya, cufnaanta hoose iyo mugga weyn ee halbeeg kasta. Sidaa darteed, ku-darkeedu waxa uu saamaynta ugu wayn ku leeyahay nuugista biyaha iyo cufnaanta alaabta, iyo sidoo kale waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka. Marka naqshadaynta saamigeeda, waa in la xuso qodobadan soo socda:

① Waa inaysan saameyn xun ku yeelan heerka nuugista biyaha ee alaabta. Waxaa fiican inaad doorato isku-darka iftiinka leh ee nuugista biyaha hooseeya (sida qashinka polystyrene), oo ha isticmaalin isku-darka iftiinka leh ee nuugista biyaha sare (sida perlite la balaariyay). Marka heerka nuugista biyaha ee wadarta iftiinka uu sarreeyo, its proportion should be reduced, or it should be subjected to hydrophobic sealing pretreatment;

② It should be able to minimize the density of the product. When selecting lightweight aggregates, the lower relative density should be the first choice, and the lower is the best;

③ It is beneficial to reduce the thermal conductivity of the product. The lighter aggregate with the lower thermal conductivity is more preferable. It is recommended to use waste polystyrene foam plastic particles;

④ The proportion of lightweight aggregates should meet the requirements of product density, xoog, and thermal conductivity as the standard. To achieve coordination and unity in these three aspects, one cannot only consider unilateral needs. The larger the proportion of light aggregate, the worse the strength, laakiin hoos u dhaca cufnaanta iyo kulaylka kuleylka. Cufnaanta iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka waxay u baahan yihiin qayb weyn oo ah isku-darka iftiinka, halka xooggu u baahan yahay qayb hoose oo ah isku-darka iftiinka. Tani waa khilaaf weyn marka loo eego saamiga. Sidaa darteed, dhinacyadan waa in la isku duwo oo la mideeyaa.

4. Saamiga guud ee culus

Shubid xumbo leh oo cufnaanta hoose leh 700 kg/m3 guud ahaan ma isticmaalo wadaryo culus, kuwaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo shubka xumbo-cufnaanta sare leh. Saamaynta saamiga isku-darka culus ee waxqabadka badeecada iyo habka waa:

① Inta badan saamiga isku geynta culus, ka sii daran xasiloonida ku shubidda (shubid), waxay u badan tahay in ay keento in isku-darka culus ay quusaan oo ay sababaan burbur; haddii aan la isticmaalin isku-darka culus ama saamiga isku-darka culusi uu yaraado, shubid (shubid) ) Inta xasiloon; iyadoo la tixgelinayo xasilloonida daadinta (shubid), saamiga isku-darka culus waa inuu ahaadaa mid yar halkii uu ka weynaan lahaa;

② Way weyn tahay cabbirka walxaha isku-darka culus, waxaa ka sii daran daadinta (shubid) xasiloonida, sababtoo ah xajmiga walxaha ayaa weyn, way fududahay in la quusiyo; marka la naqshadeynayo saamiga, cabbir yar waa in la doortaa iyadoo la buuxinayo shuruudaha farsamada;

③ Saamiga saxda ah ee wadarta culus ayaa faa'iido u leh si loo hagaajiyo xoogga alaabta. Marka laga eego dhinaca xoogga alaabta, waxaa faa'iido leh in la isku daro xaddi gaar ah oo wadar ahaan culus.

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